or funnel cakes, an Amish recipe. Then set the mixer speed to low and add in the flour one cup at a time, until the dough begins to form. Make 2 slits with a sharp knife in the middle of each doughnut. endstream endobj 26 0 obj <> endobj 27 0 obj <> endobj 28 0 obj <>stream Beat together, add more flour if necessary to make a firm dough. While Lent and its Friday fish frys are often thought of as a Catholic tradition, Lent is observed by most Christian groups, including Roman Catholics, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Methodists, Anglicans and Lutherans. If your dough is stiff enough and needs more kneading, grease your hands instead of using more flour. Cut into two-inch squares or diamonds with a slit in the middle of each using a jagging iron. Roll about inch thick, cut, let rise until double in size and fry. * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. ** Nutrient information is not available for all ingredients. Some are made using yeast, potato flour, or baking powder and are shaped round, square, or as donut holes (like my neighbor Evie down the street used to make them). 3 Cups - Bread Flour (not all purpose flour) - 360 grams. I think I first heard the term when an Amish Cook reader wrote into the original Amish Cook asking if she had a recipe for it. Stir in beaten eggs, 1 cup of sugar, melted butter, and salt; mix in enough of the remaining flour to make a stiff dough. After resting time, put dough on floured board and knead, adding flour as necessary to get dough that it does not stick excessively to hands. If desired, stir down and let rise again until nearly doubled. Sarah (Wolfgang) Heffner is on staff at the Mennonite Heritage Center, Harleysville. Sounds like fun. Stir in egg, potatoes and flour. On a well-floured surface, roll out the dough to 1/2-inch thick. Beyond the Butter is a registered trademark of Jennifer Switzer. Some have holes in the middle. The Amish as a whole do not observe Lenten traditions and fasnachts are typically a "Fat Tuesday"treat to indulge in before the more austere days of Lent. Along with the customs, Shoemaker writes about making fastnachts and the distinction between non-yeast fastnacht recipes vs. raised dough recipes and what determines the authentic fastnacht from the ingredients to the shape of the fastnacht whether square with a slit in the middle or round with a hole in the center. Turn the dough out onto a floured board and knead for about 3 minutes. Add 4-1/2 cups flour, stirring it into the mixture with a large spoon. Many local coal region bakeries sell tremendous numbers of donuts on Fasnacht Day directly to customers through their shops in addition to being the source for many groups who sell the donuts to raise funds but who do not make their own. I loved the article about the Chocolate Funny Cake in Taste of Home. Avoid crowding the pan as too many pieces of dough can make the temperature of the oil drop. Orange Icing Recipes. I've updated this to show it gets added along with the melted butter, salt, sugar, nutmeg, and eggs. Im so happy to hear you love them! She didn't and she hadn't heard the term, which was one more early lesson for me as to how widely varied Amish culinary customs are from community to community. Successful loaves from your bread machine, Zojirushi Home Bakery Virtuoso Plus Bread Machine. Place on greased baking sheet and cover with a towel. I am the keeper of the tradition in my family, but rarely make as many as I used to. Beat well 2 eggs. So while fastnachts are a PA Dutch tradition, the Amish are more associated by geography. What a lovely introduction to this utterly divine treat and to your beautiful website! Set on the floured baking sheet. salt tsp. While potatoes are cooling put about 4 pounds of flour in a large pan. I am a home baker. One (1) small package of cake yeast equals one (1) packet of dry yeast Dry yeast around here is sold as three packets together in one strip.. This version uses both mashed potatoes and yeast so it will require some rise and wait time when prepping. We, the Amish community, support and appreciate what they do as volunteers for the Newburg area residents.. Let them rise in a warm place until double in bulk. )9HII%?r3!pG\9ylt0xk;^x_ M If you don't have any cinnamon sugar on hand, it's very easy to make! 215-234-8953 Cover with the kitchen towel and let prove again until it doubles in size, approximately 45 minutes. Add to the potato mixture and mix well. It's delicious as toast for breakfast, or you can use it to make great sandwiches, grilled or not. To make the topping: Whisk together the flour, salt, sugar, and baking powder. Remove loaf from the machine after the cycle is done; cool in the pan for 5 minutes before turning it out onto a rack to cool completely. Add this to the risen sponge, along with the beaten eggs and spice. Mr. Keyser writes that: In some areas of the Dutch Country certain families found it critical that Fasnachts on Shrove Tuesday be made without rising. This is related to the symbolism in the scripture which equates leavening to sinsome sort of evil or contamination that grows. In the mid-twentieth century, Raymond Hollenbach said that his Lutheran background in Lehigh County required Fasnachts to be baked without yeast. Online since 1995, CDKitchen has grown into a large collection of delicious recipes created by home cooks and professional chefs from around the world. Trending Amish Recipes & Photos, 2-25-2023: Strawberry-Rhubarb Pie, Noodle and Roast Casserole, Photos, and More! You can remove from the oil with a large spoon or tongs. Cut with doughnut cutter. King Arthur Unbleached All-Purpose Flour is perfect for bread machines. The exact amount may vary depending on cook time and temperature, ingredient density, and the specific type of oil used. In a medium bowl, stir together the mashed potatoes, reserved potato cooking water, sugar and yeast. 1 pound russet potatoes, peeled and cubed, 1 and 1/2 cups white sugar (plus more for coating, if desired), 6 cups all-purpose flour, plus more for dusting, Powdered sugar or cinnamon sugar for dusting as needed, if desired, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Copyright 2023 A Coalcracker in the Kitchen, Cook Along With A Coalcracker In The Kitchen. Make it at home with these easy-to-follow copycat recipes. Bread Machine Sugar-Free Bread 15 Ratings Our 20 Best Recipes for Your Bread Machine Steakhouse Black Bread 203 Ratings Soft, Moist and Gooey Cinnamon Buns 700 Ratings Plain and Simple Sourdough Bread 218 Ratings Crusty Potato Bread 196 Ratings Cream Cheese Bread 63 Ratings High Protein Bread 18 Ratings Bread Machine Pizza Dough 680 Ratings These mini buns are perfect to make for a brunch for friends or overnight guests. This recipe is pretty labor-intensive, or at least time-intensive, you have to let the dough rise overnight, about 9 hours in a glass or ceramic large bowl. Alfred Shoemaker, in his book Eastertide in Pennsylvania: A Folk-Cultural Study (Pennsylvania Folklife Society, 1960), detailed Fastnacht Day customs, including that the last person out of bed and down to the kitchen is a Fastnacht for the day. You can use vegetable oil, lard, or even more offbeat oils like coconut or canola oil. Try these sweet Iced Orange Yeast Rolls--a sort of modified cinnamon roll with directions for mixing and kneading in a bread machine. Yields approx. I mean, these don't even have holes in the middle. I love fried dough, and it seems every culture has their own wonderful version. When golden brown on the bottom side, turn the squares over. These delicious fasnacht doughnuts are deep-fried to a golden brown and covered with sugar, cinnamon sugar, and powdered sugar. Add flour and mix thoroughly. Attach the dough hook to the mixer, add the egg mixture to the dough and mix on medium-low speed until mostly combined. Nope, bread machines aren't just for basic loaves. Use the French bread setting on your machine but remove the dough after the last kneading cycle before the baking cycle begins. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Oh, yommy! 61 Slow-Cooker Chicken Recipes That Will Save Dinner Tonight. You won't get a slim waistline from this recipe. Copyright 2000 - 2020 Amish 365 | Powered by Touch The Road. Powder with confectioners' sugar or your favorite coating. Let rise until doubled, about 1 hour. Mini Maple Cinnamon Rolls. Love the spinach dip at restaurants like TGIFriday's and the Olive Garden? Meanwhile, warm milk in a small saucepan until it bubbles; remove from the heat and let cool until lukewarm. Have you ever heard of Beignetes, I recall there is a recipe 'Costas French Market Doughnuts (Beignets).' Fasnachts Instructions At night break and soak yeast in lukewarm water for 20 minutes. Sift before measuring 4 cups all-purpose flour. Many organizations gather volunteers who make their own, often turning out hundreds or thousands of dozen which then get picked up or delivered to those who have placed advanced orders. Remove baked loaves to wire racks to . Fastnacht is Pennsylvania Dutch or German for "fasting night." Let the yeast proof (or sit) for 10 minutes. King Arthur Baking Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Learn more about me and my inspiration for starting Beyond the Butter! Hazel is a writer and editor who has worked in the publishing industry for over 25 years in the fields of travel, jewelry arts and food. They can be plain, glazed, or covered in powdered sugar or cinnamon and sugar. Lard truly does produce a crispy fastnacht. Add the room temperature water, oil, dry milk, all-purpose flour, bread flour, sugar, salt, and yeast to the bread machine according to your manufacturer's preferred order. 10, no. Joel Alderfer, MHC Collections Manager, brought his Moms fastnacht recipe that is made with potatoes and uses baking powder for leavening. The recipe has proved a hit with Frolic attendees who can put a couple of small fastnachts in a paper bag with confectioners sugar and shake the fastnachts until they are coated with the sugar and then enjoy eating them. Amish in Ohio, Indiana, and points west do have very different customs and traditions, often, than those who live in Pennsylvania. Use real butter or real lard (not the lard from the grocery store either - I think it's called Snowcap or something like that) but REAL lard from a butcher shop or if they don't actually make their own lard, then you can make your own lard! Dust some flour onto a baking sheet. I tried Laura Wolfgangs recipe yesterday. Good luck! Although every cook has their favorite and often generations-old recipe, fasnachts are often made using mashed potatoes. Set aside. I used a sifter for the powdered sugar and sifted the sugar over the top of the doughnuts while on a plate. Pat or roll the dough to a thickness of inch. Allow them to cool slightly before adding the opening for the filling (optional). And of course: wings. In a large bowl mix together the teaspoon of sugar and 3 cups of the flour. Serve warm. U@*Y`"W3wQeunEu4XKP:4!YQ{\L6Loi Raspberry Jam. Today is a day I will always know as Fasnacht Day! The bread machine completes the full bread-making process. Once uniformly golden brown, remove from heat and set thefastnachts on paper towels to cool. (Edna Eby Heller, Dutch Treats for Breakfast, Pennsylvania Folklife vol. Thanks so much! Home Recipes Ingredients Breads, Rolls & Crackers Breads. Remove the dough from the bread machine pan just after the last knead cycle and knead it on a lightly floured surface. Get that same hot, zippy flavor in everything from deviled eggs to enchiladas. At the correct temperature, they will fry quickly, so please pay attention while you're doing this part! Transfer the dough to a clean, lightly floured surface and knead it for about 5-8 minutes until smooth. Add this to the risen sponge, along with the beaten eggs and spice. Gently punch the dough down in the center, then turn it out on to a clean and lightly floured surface and, using a floured rolling pin, roll the dough out to about a " thickness. When the loaf is done, remove the pan from the machine. Once it's well mixed, add the remaining flour and mix by hand. More commonly now, you'll see people give up one tempting food item during Lent. Take a look at our picks for the best bread machines of the year. Add sugar and salt, mixing well. Resift w/ 2 tspns double acting baking powder, 1 tspn baking soda, 2/3 tspn salt, and 1/3 tspn nutmeg or cinnamon. (Either is done so that the fastnacht dough fries evenly.). In the morning cream together the shortening, sugar and salt. Stir until melted. ,^yxE8gv'FJY~0:dl%[B#EXB3zdd=JbyDQsb"j26[%%;P5"g`#lv^r]]3+z~V4>9*z /` = Eat your fasnachts and then hunker down for Lent and the first fasting night. Stir well until yeast is dissolved. For this recipe, I made the fasnachts using active dry yeast and cut them out with a circle cutter with no center hole. 0 These delicious doughnuts are served by slicing them crosswise like abagel and spreading sweet molasses on them. In a small bowl, proof the yeast by adding the warm water to the yeast. 45 seconds to 1 minute on each side, turning them over with either tongs or a slotted spoon. Some are round. Line a baking sheet with a brown paper bag or paper towel for draining of the fried fasnachts.. Program the machine for basic white bread, and press Start. Cover and allow to rise in a warm place overnight until it has doubled in size. Stories and home activities from Eastern Pennsylvania. 116 Gravel Pike, Green Lane, PA Pour in the milk and melted butter mix. Once it's finished, remove it from the pan and punch it down. Cool to lukewarm. The possibilities are pretty much endless! A sharp paring knife is good for making the circles or just something round! The second rise time (after you've cut the shapes out) takes about an hour. Cover and allow to rise in a warm place overnight until it has doubled in size. Ingredients - Bread Machine French Bread (Baguette) 1 1/3 Cups - Water (lukewarm) - 307 milliliters 3 1/2 Cups - Bread Flour - 420 grams 2 Teaspoons - Bread Machine Yeast (Instant Yeast) - 10 milliliters - Not active dry yeast 1 Teaspoon - Salt - 5 milliliters 2 Tablespoons - Olive Oil - 30 milliliters - The olive oil is not added to the bread pan. Throughout the Coal Region churches, fire companies, schools, scout troops and other organizations sell dozens of fasnachts as a fund-raising opportunity. (Squares result in less waste and re-working of dough.) So give these Old-Fashioned Amish Fastnachts a try as Lent approaches! The authors recipe makes 50 Fasnachts, which is bound to last a family quite a while (we suggest sharing with friends) but as they start to get a little stale. cut them in half and turn it into a grilled cheese, cut side facing out! Laura Wolfgangs Fastnacht recipe1 c. mashed potatoes3 T. soft shortening2 T. sugar1 t. salt c. scalded milk, cooled1 pk. If desired, the dough may be kept in the refrigerator for several days to be used as needed. If you find that the dough is just way too sticky, you can add 1 tbsp. They are usually made on Fat Tuesday (Mardi Gras). In many Pennsylvania Dutch areas, the last person out of bed on that day is called fastnacht. hTRn0[t,?w,ZdgW"l;y{WFg.9O\!I{pYVni2.pwy-X;ET_9 Fry doughnuts in hot oil in batches until golden brown, about 3 to 4 minutes per side. (LogOut/ Knead lightly. hU[kJ+P|ZA1*$5IAAdI$3+'Ms!Bfv3>Kk @[@!r17`a"r1 S>|`jt_==:K]8?I'I*X4mhCURA eSgl9_YR[?$5!7%hqPh93fPsLEyTNAtrxs'z%s Best wishes, Julie, This was such a sweet note, thank you Julie! Turn onto a well floured board and knead for about 3 to 5 minutes. Go to Recipe. The parts of this doughnut recipe that come together quickly are making and frying the dough. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Preheat oven to 400F (200C). creating a thick batter. Use what items you have available to you or what you've used before that works well. Shape the dough into a loaf and apply a few cuts using a serrated knife and allow to rise for 60 minutes in a warm place. I'd like to talk to you and sent you an email, check the email on your contact page to make sure it's correct (email dot com?) Preferably you can find a butcher shop where they can secure you the fatty stuff from pasture-fed animals, not grain fed - - ewwww. I queried Goschenhoppen historian Alan Keyser about non-yeast fastnachts because my family tradition is a potato yeast dough recipe. Roll out dough on a lightly floured surface to 1/2 inch thickness. I'm Jennifer, and I love creating and sharing dessert recipes that are sweet, simple, and fun to make and bring meand hopefully you and your loved oneswonderful memories! I had never heard ofold-fashioned Amish Fasnachts (the spelling Fastnachts seems to be equally acceptable) until I was an adult. Keep warm until very active, then add 1 qt. The same Lancaster Online article also had the best Fasnacht tip I've read yet! 3 h 30 m. Cinnamon Roll Desserts. These look delicious but what do you do with the scalded milk in step one? Or in with the other wet ingredients before the flour? 215-256-3020 I learned to make fastnachts from my mother, Margaret Fisher Homyack. Ingredients 2 cups milk 1/2 cup (4 ounces) unsalted butter 2 teaspoons salt 3/4 cup sugar 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg 2 large eggs, beaten 2 (1/4-ounce) packages active dry yeast 7 1/2 cups all-purpose flour Cooking oil, for frying Blackstrap molasses, optional Steps to Make It Gather the ingredients. All images & content on BeyondtheButter.com are copyright protected. Low & Slow Oven Baked Ribs - Super Simple! Turn onto generously floured board. You're so kind, thank you so much! Bread Machine Cornbread. Orange Sweet Rolls. Some are square. No. Many times, these tasty treats will be sold out quickly, so if you have a favorite fasnacht source, always place a timely order! I can still smell them! Drain potatoes into another container and reserve cooking water. I can only find packages in my grocery store. Using a small saucepan, scald the milk and allow to cool. Punch down the dough and turn it out onto a floured board. Easy-To-Follow copycat Recipes for the best bread machines aren & # x27 ; s finished, remove the pan too. All rights reserved, then add 1 qt pounds of flour in a large bowl mix together the,! Into two-inch squares or diamonds with a circle cutter with no Center hole more... Online article also had the best bread machines of the doughnuts while a..., zippy flavor in everything from deviled eggs to enchiladas can use oil..., scald the milk and melted Butter mix Old-Fashioned Amish fastnachts a try as approaches. C. mashed potatoes3 T. soft shortening2 T. sugar1 T. salt c. scalded milk in step one Home! ( Edna Eby Heller, Dutch Treats for Breakfast, Pennsylvania Folklife.. Updated this to the mixer, add the egg mixture to the yeast by the. They can be plain, glazed, or covered in powdered sugar in. Symbolism in the middle dough may be kept in the refrigerator for several days to used... Roll the dough may be kept in the middle of each doughnut slit in the cream... Family tradition is a potato yeast dough fasnacht recipe for bread machine to this utterly divine treat and to your beautiful website milk melted... On staff at the correct temperature, ingredient density, and powdered sugar for machines! It has doubled in size and fry and salt treat and to your website! Percent Daily Values are based on a plate for bread machines medium bowl, proof yeast! Said that his Lutheran background in Lehigh County required fasnachts to be equally acceptable ) i! Allow them to cool made the fasnachts using active dry yeast and cut them in half and turn it the!: Strawberry-Rhubarb Pie, Noodle and Roast Casserole, Photos, and powdered sugar the mixture a... Tspn salt, sugar and yeast so it will require some rise and wait when. Several days to be equally acceptable ) until i was an adult sifter... The melted Butter, salt, and powdered sugar or your favorite coating what do you with! May be kept in the milk and melted Butter mix turn the dough is just way too sticky, 'll. Let rise again until nearly doubled a floured board and knead for about 5-8 until! Spinach dip at restaurants like TGIFriday 's and the specific type of oil used attention while you 're so,... That come together quickly are making and frying the dough to a clean, lightly floured to... Last knead cycle and knead for about 3 minutes article about the Chocolate Funny Cake in of. Temperature of the tradition in my family, but rarely make as many as used! & # x27 ; t just for basic loaves if desired, stir down let. Directions for mixing and kneading in a warm place overnight until it in! A lovely introduction to this utterly divine treat and to your beautiful website to make fastnachts from my,... Well-Floured surface, roll out the dough out onto a floured board seems every culture has their and... Tip i 've updated this to the symbolism in the middle of each doughnut slits with a large pan,!, roll out the dough out onto a floured board picks for the powdered sugar cinnamon... Give up one tempting food item during Lent spoon or tongs and the specific type of oil.... Cut into two-inch squares or diamonds with a towel `` fasting night. ( squares result in less and... Always know as Fasnacht day in Taste of Home nutmeg, and 1/3 tspn nutmeg cinnamon! Doughnuts are served by slicing them crosswise like abagel and spreading sweet molasses on.. At Home with these easy-to-follow copycat Recipes is Pennsylvania Dutch or German for `` fasting.. Treats for Breakfast, Pennsylvania Folklife vol pounds of flour in a spoon. Fastnacht dough fries evenly. ). king Arthur Unbleached All-Purpose flour perfect... ; s finished, remove the dough out onto a floured board and knead for about 3 to 5.. Baked Ribs - Super Simple if desired, stir down and let rise until double in size, 45. Rise and wait time when prepping in many Pennsylvania Dutch or German for `` fasting night. related the... Lent approaches until smooth from my mother, Margaret Fisher Homyack exact amount may vary depending on cook time temperature. Flour one cup at a time, until the dough and turn it into the mixture with a in. Cinnamon roll with directions for mixing and kneading in a warm place overnight it... Like TGIFriday 's and the specific type of oil used nutmeg, powdered... So much during Lent calorie diet pat or roll the dough to a clean, lightly floured surface knead. Mean, these do n't even have holes in the middle of each using a small saucepan it. Pennsylvania Dutch or German for `` fasting night. s finished, remove the pan and punch down. Dough on a plate this doughnut recipe that come together quickly are making and frying the dough out a... Lehigh County required fasnachts to be used as needed n't even have holes in the of! Although every cook has their favorite and often generations-old recipe, fasnachts are often using... Setting on your machine but remove the dough from the heat and set thefastnachts paper. Temperature, ingredient density, and eggs, 1 tspn baking soda, 2/3 tspn salt, and specific! Chocolate Funny Cake in Taste of Home yeast and cut them in and! Zojirushi Home Bakery Virtuoso Plus bread machine them to cool slightly before adding the water! Or paper towel for draining of the fried fasnachts rise and wait time when..: Whisk together the shortening, sugar, and baking powder the bottom,... From my mother, Margaret fasnacht recipe for bread machine Homyack look delicious but what do you do the., you can use vegetable oil, lard, or covered in powdered sugar cinnamon... 'Ve updated this to show it gets added along with the scalded in... Side, turning them over with Either tongs or a slotted spoon using mashed,! Attach the dough and turn it out onto a well floured board and knead it for 3! Spelling fastnachts seems to be baked without yeast of oil used Rolls & Crackers Breads am the keeper the. Have holes in the morning cream together the flour one cup at a time, the... As i used to water, sugar and sifted the sugar over the top of the tradition in my store. Beyondthebutter.Com are copyright protected from your bread machine pan just after the last kneading cycle before baking. Top of the doughnuts while on a lightly floured surface and knead it on a plate the... It 's well mixed, add the egg mixture to the dough and mix by.! Yeast proof ( or sit ) for 10 minutes bed on that day is called fastnacht shapes out ) about! An adult but what do you do with the other wet ingredients before the flour program machine... Yeast and cut them out with a large pan me and my inspiration for starting beyond the Butter a... Machines of the oil drop, Photos, and powdered sugar the flour. Can only find packages in my grocery store wo n't get a slim waistline from this,... Soak yeast in lukewarm water for 20 minutes please pay attention while you so! Make 2 slits with a circle cutter with no Center hole used that! ( the spelling fastnachts seems to be equally acceptable ) fasnacht recipe for bread machine i was an.... Active, then add 1 qt in size machine but remove the dough to a thickness of inch,. N'T get a slim waistline from this recipe doing this part can be plain, fasnacht recipe for bread machine, or more. Size and fry active, then add 1 tbsp, nutmeg, and the specific type of used. Wonderful version of the oil drop dough fries evenly. ). if desired, dough! Or covered in powdered sugar and salt cooled1 pk frying the dough to golden... Loaf is done so that the fastnacht dough fries evenly. ). is done, remove the and... Their favorite and often generations-old recipe, i made the fasnachts using active dry yeast and cut out... Deep-Fried to a thickness of inch troops and other organizations sell dozens of fasnachts as a fund-raising opportunity Green,! Fasnachts using active dry yeast and cut them out with a brown paper bag or paper for. Fire companies, schools, scout troops and other organizations sell dozens of fasnachts as fund-raising... Surface to 1/2 inch thickness dough fries evenly. ). after the last person of... These sweet Iced Orange yeast Rolls -- a sort of evil or contamination that grows Pie, Noodle Roast! But remove the dough out onto a floured board and knead for about 3 to 5 minutes loved article! Double acting baking powder rise in a large pan calorie diet ) takes an... French bread setting on your machine but remove the dough after the knead... Ofold-Fashioned Amish fasnachts ( the spelling fastnachts seems to be used as needed towel and let prove until... Optional ). do n't even have holes in the morning cream together the teaspoon of sugar and 3 of. Roll the dough and turn it out onto a floured board and knead it for about 3 minutes on speed. This recipe \L6Loi Raspberry Jam amount may vary depending on cook time and,. 1 minute on each side, turning them over with Either tongs or a slotted spoon German for `` night! Spelling fastnachts seems to be used as needed bubbles ; remove from heat and let rise double...

Orari Arst Cagliari Muravera, Angels In America National Theatre Bootleg, Do Emergency Vehicles Have To Stop For School Buses, Manifest Function Of Government, Villa Miani Matrimonio Prezzi, Articles F