Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. This description is simplified. The city of Milan is regarded as a major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a year. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Topography studies the . Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Topography Facts - Earth Science. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. Please enable JavaScript. Przemek. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. To contact our editors please use our contact form. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. She or he will best know the preferred format. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. It even includes roads! The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. 2. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. It is the smallest country both in size and population. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. 5. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. 1. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. Understanding Europe's Topography. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. MLS # 1863863 Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. It's a multi-lingual continent. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. It happens to be the longest river in Europe and covers 3,692 km/ 2,295 miles long. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. Europes boundaries have been especially uncertain, and hence much debated, on the east, where the continent merges, without sundering physical boundaries, with parts of western Asia. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. 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