If you find yourself needing a complex helper or utility function, we strongly recommend that you use Java because it is much easier to maintain and even debug if needed. For example: So this is just for convenience and readability, using configure driver can do the same thing like this: This design is so that you can use (and data-drive) all the capabilities supported by the target driver - which can vary a lot depending on whether it is local, remote, for desktop or mobile etc. - Cucumber style of writing the program which follows the BDD approach. 2. API testing basics and Karate framework 2. JSON objects become Java Map-s, JSON arrays become Java List-s, and Java Bean properties are accessible (and update-able) using dot notation e.g. API tests are written in BDD (Behaviour Driven Development) Using Gherkin syntax. The most important part of this payload is the capabilities. locateAll() can take a second argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. To run a script *.feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. One pattern you can adopt is to create a factory method that returns a Java function - where you can easily delegate to the logic you want. For a call (or callonce) - payload / data structures (JSON, XML, Map-like or List-like) variables are passed by reference which means that steps within the called feature can update or mutate them, for e.g. You need to use karate.toJava() to wrap JS functions passed to custom Java code. _ == _$.roomInformation[0].roomPrice' }, """ Expressions follow the same short-cut rules as for waitUntil(). This is a problem especially for expensive, time-consuming HTTP calls, and this has been an open issue for a long time. Multi-value headers (though rarely used in the wild) are also supported: Also look at the headers keyword which uses JSON and makes some kinds of dynamic data-driven testing easier. Note how even calls to Java code can be made if needed. The {} and {^} locator-prefixes are designed to make finding an HTML element by text content super-easy. In real-life scripts, you would typically also use this capability of Karate to configure headers where the specified JavaScript function uses the variables that result from a sign in to manipulate headers for all subsequent HTTP requests. 1234 So now you have testAccounts, leftNav and transactions as variables, and you have a nice name-spacing of locators to refer to - within your different feature files: And this is how you can have all your locators defined in one place and re-used across multiple tests. Here is an example, where the same websocket connection is used to send as well as receive a message. }". Refer to the cats-java.feature demo for an example. Note that all the short-cut forms on the right-side of the table resolve to equality (==) matches, which enables them to be in-lined into a full (single-step) payload match, using embedded expressions. Now we can right click on feature file and run it. UI API Automation Tester. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. before you fire the method. { id: { domain: "DOM", type: "entityId", value: "#ignore" }, Launching K-Flow Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop, no code experience leading to powerful API documentation. You can replace the values of com.mycompany and myproject as per your needs. If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript errors. A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. name: John Full Time position. This build the communication between feature file and StepDefinition files. You will often need to move steps (for e.g. The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. The syntax will include a = sign between the key and the value. Note that the Content-Type header will be automatically set to: application/x-www-form-urlencoded. So if you really wanted to assert that the HTTP response body is well-formed JSON or XML you can do this: Very rarely used - but you can get the Java system-time (for the current response) at the point when the HTTP request was initiated (the value of System.currentTimeMillis()) which can be used for detailed logging or custom framework / stats calculations. Note that the opposite of optional() is locate() which will fail if the element is not present. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. It is one of the great tool for API testing. One indicator of a good automation framework is how much work a developer needs to do in order to perform any automation action - such as clicking a button, or retrieving the value of some HTML object / property. You can now use Karates core API and call chained methods. So trying to use driver.title == 'My Page' will not work, instead you have to do this: A very useful variant that takes a locator parameter is where you supply a JavaScript predicate function that will be evaluated on the element returned by the locator in the HTML DOM. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. Here is an example: Any Karate variable will be available to the template, which is users.html in this example. None of the examples in the documentation use the $varName form on the LHS, and this is the recommended best-practice. You can then skip the next few sections, as the pom.xml, recommended directory structure, sample test and JUnit 5 runners - will be created for you. jbang is a great way for you to install and execute scripts that use Karates Java API on any machine with minimal setup. Anyway, there are times when you may want to force integers (perhaps for cosmetic reasons) and you can easily do so using the double-tilde short-cut: ~~. Note: In GET API request, we do not need to provide the body (payload). You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. REST-style path parameters. You can even create (or modify existing) JSON arrays by using multiple columns. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Here is a good example in the demos: dynamic-params.feature, The single JSON argument needs to be in the form { field1: { read: 'file1.ext' }, field2: { read: 'file2.ext' } } where each nested JSON is in the form expected by multipart file. bar: 'world' The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. let's see few examples below: Locating an element using ID of the element And input ('#user-name',UIApp_username) And input ('#password',UIApp_password) Locating an element using CSS of the element """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ Of course if you did not care about the page URL assertion (you can still do it later), you could do this. To do that, add the following: And then the above command in Gradle would look like: The recommended way to define and run test-suites and reporting in Karate is to use the parallel runner, described in the next section. Theres also a cross-platform stand-alone executable for teams not comfortable with Java. The signal to stop the loop is to return any not-null object. Background is used with steps or series of steps that are commons to all tests in the feature file. The first will simply return a List of Element instances. This is very common in the world of Maven users and keep in mind that these are tests and not production code. JSON arrays), see, convenient for the common case of transforming an array of primitives into an array of objects, see, useful to merge the key-values of two (or more) JSON (or map-like) objects, see. """, # note the 'text' keyword instead of 'def', """ You can if you want to, but since only JsonPath (on variables) is allowed here, Karate ignores the $ and looks only at the variable name. Here below is the equivalent of the above, done the hard way: The built-in DockerTarget is a good example of how to: Controlling this flow from Java can take a lot of complexity out your build pipeline and keep things cross-platform. } Note that even the scenario name can accept placeholders - which is very useful in reports. If you read from a file, the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data. When targeting a W3C WebDriver implementation, either as a local executable or Remote WebDriver, you can specify the JSON that will be passed as the payload to the Create Session API. Refer to JsonPath short-cuts for a detailed explanation. }, Gherkin has a great way to sprinkle meta-data into test-scripts - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk. multipart file uploads can be tricky, and hard to get right. Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. Note that scriptAll() will return an array, as opposed to script(). If the locator does not exist, any attempt to perform actions on it will not fail your test - and silently perform a no-op. Karate has great options for re-usability, so once the above JSON is saved as locators.json, you can do this in a common.feature: This looks deceptively simple, but what happens is very interesting. or anything wrapped in parentheses which will be evaluated as JavaScript - e.g. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. 5 JSON / arrays), see, executes an OS command, but forks a process in parallel and will not block the test like, for advanced conditional logic for e.g. Now it should be clear how Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. Something like this: For HTTPS / SSL, you can also specify a custom certificate or trust store by setting Java system properties. Questions tagged [karate] Ask Question Use for questions regarding Karate, an open-source tool that combines API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and UI automation - into a single, unified framework. And any variables which are alive in the context can be used in this expression. For tests that need to wait for slow pages or deal with un-predictable element load-times or state / visibility changes, Karate allows you to temporarily tweak the internal retry settings. Technology Partner "/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome", "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome", 'justinribeiro/chrome-headless', showDriverLog, :9222 --security-opt seccomp=./chrome.json justinribeiro/chrome-headless, 'Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App', # waitForEnabled() returns an "Element" instance, waitFor('input[name=query]').input('karate-logo.png'), # if you want to get the actual url for later use, "function(e){ return e.innerHTML == 'APPEARED!' 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