5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? 1. conditions to increase productivity. This arrangement is called: Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: Job enrichment 2. flextime. Every worker deserves a cookie and privacy! Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. 3. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. 4. job enlargement. It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. 3. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. B. the humanistic view of management. People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X Workers dislike their jobs and they are inherently lazy. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. A type of job enrichment Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. D. Elton Mayo. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. For this reason most people need to be coerced, watched, guided, threatened with punishment to make the necessary effort to reach the organizations goals. This practice is most closely associated with: How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. The commitment to complete a task is based on the rewards. As a result, the only way that employees can attempt to meethigher-level needs at work is to seek more compensation, so, predictably, they focus on monetary rewards. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate 1. job hopping Managers believe employees are not motivated because they dislike the work. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. 5. the humanistic view of management. 1. by offering flextime to all employees 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Which management theory does Freedom Clothing follow? 3. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. 2. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A)the traditional view of management. Need a custom Coursework sample written from scratch by The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. Theory X, Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X based on Maslow's lower needs on the hierarchy of needs model (food, water, necessities). The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. Herzberg's two-factor theory. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is 5. O. C. Ferrell. 5. In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. Douglas McGregor. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. 1. intrinsic reward ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. This is an incorrect collective assumption. A problem The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. 2. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Please note that Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. 2. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. 2. Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." 5. job enlargement. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. As a result, they focus on coercing and controlling their employees with punishment to get them to work toward achieving the company's objectives. Why are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees? | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Theory X McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to:A. the traditional view of management. 5. 4. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. Douglas McGregor influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human naturedesignated Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while Theory-Y stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man at work. 4. the traditional view of management. Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers? 86 McGregor's Theory X/Y & Job Performance LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Theory X/Y Described Briefly put, McGregor (1960) advanced three ideas. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. 1. 1. Does the team not understand the work? 4. physiological needs 1. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. Herzberg's hygiene factors. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . 4. when two people do one job. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. What is Theory X and Theory Y referring to? "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." People usually accept and often seek responsibility. Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. Herzberg's motivational factors. 5. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 2. The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. These cookies do not store any personal information. E. the equity theory. In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. Employees under this theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of work. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. 5. 3. McGregor came from a social psychology background and brought his training in this area to the field of management. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. 4. BusinessBalls (Alan Chapman) developed them to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor's XY Theory concept. Most people have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. It mightseemthat the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. It increases employee turnover. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace. 5. the humanistic view of management. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. . 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. We are hiring! Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. Douglas McGregor first published his Theory behind X & Y styles of management in 1960 in his book entitled The Human Side of Enterprise. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Aliyah is likely to assume that: 5. challenging employees. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. Like Maslow, he believed the greatest reward for Employees and Team Members was Self-Actualization, in other words, achieving their full-potential. 1. esteem needs Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. 3. Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. Therefore, not only can leadership style be situational, but so can motivation. McGregor identified that people act according to their premises and assumptions. Its important to us that we challenge our assumptions frequently. Physical and mental tiredness during work is a natural phenomenon. And for the first 12 weeks after signing up, you'll receive each week a new step toward happiness at work with actions and experiments you can take to the office right away. Elton Mayo. Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. 5. security needs, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. (2022) 'Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory'. Fig. 1. 1. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace 3. an example of job enlargement. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. Frederick Taylor. Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag Your privacy is extremely important to us. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. 4. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. (2022, May 11). 4. working condition Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. McGregor's Theory X They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. 4. Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as per their convenience. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. 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