The strongest parts of the original Freakonomics book revolved around Levitt's own peer-reviewed research. Each week, Freakonomics Radio tells you things you always thought you knew (but didn't) and things you never thought you wanted to know (but do) from the economics of sleep to how to become great at just about anything. All contents Freakonomics. According to a decades-long research project, the U.S. is not only the most individualistic country on earth; were also high on indulgence, short-term thinking, and masculinity (but low on uncertainty avoidance, if that makes you feel better). GELFAND: They were trained to ask for help in city streets and in stores. Mark Anthony Neal of Duke is not surprised that the U.S. scores relatively high on the masculinity scale. They dont even see each other and this is a one-time interaction, so there wont be another round of the game where the second player can punish or reward the first player. Which is more dangerous, a gun or a . on one axis and religiosity on the other axis, the U.S. is a clear and distinct outlier with high G.D.P and high religion. Those are the upsides. Were trying to buy time, save time. Categories like age, gender, job type, job seniority, and so on. According to a decades-long research project, the U.S. is not only the most individualistic country on earth; we're also high on indulgence, short-term thinking, and masculinity. Its like, Oh, my gosh, that is so amazing. I was feeling like I have to tell that to my kids as a good parent, training my kids to be vertical and individualistic. HOFSTEDE: If I had been born in America, I would have liked it, probably, because I would have been used to it. In case you missed it, thats Western. Michele Gelfand has another example of how culture shapes perception. "Morality, it could be argued, represents the way that people would like the world to work, wheareas economics represents how it actually does work.". NEAL: We think about improvisation in the context, obviously, of creative and musical terms, but its also a way of always having to adapt to the changing political, social, and cultural realities. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, works on a larger scale. On the more feminine end of the spectrum are the Scandinavian countries and some of Western Europe. "The conventional wisdom is often wrong.". So if you ask people to judge the absolute lengths of two lines, people in more individualistic societies tend to get that right. This is the flip side of the idea we started out with in this episode that is, why its hard for the U.S. to simply import successful policies from elsewhere. 1, the most individualistic country in the world, 91 out of 100 on the Hofstede scale of individualism. And when I started to work with Harry Triandis, who was one of the founders of the field, I thought, Wow, this is a super-interesting construct. 493 Update) Adam Smith famously argued that specialization is the key to prosperity. Or more human-made threats, like how many times has your nation been invaded over the last 100 years? The U.S., according to this analysis, is comparatively a short-term country. President Bush had framed these negotiations as going an extra mile for peace.. Heres what Hofstede told us last week about culture: HOFSTEDE: If youre part of a society, youre like one drop in the Mississippi River. Again, its worth repeating that no culture is a monolith. The incentives of just any regular person are greatly shown because money or personal gain can take over any man or woman no matter how old. U.S. President George H.W. The future could be bright. And I think, Holy cow, Ukraine is surrounded by threat, including its next-door neighbor, Russia. That relationship has not been a constant, but that makes me a little suspicious. Still, Gelfands horizons were suddenly expanded; and her curiosity was triggered. GELFAND: Exactly. We will learn which countries are tight, which are loose, and why. If youre a constrained sort of person, you wont go far in the U.S. Stephen DUBNER: Im curious whether youve ever been accused of political incorrectness in your study of national cultures. DUBNER: What does an institution like the Navy see as the upsides of more looseness? Bush made clear to Iraqs Saddam Hussein that this wouldnt stand. Around this time, he started doing some teaching at the Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland. When Hofstede the Elder went to work for I.B.M., he got involved with these surveys. Singapore, for instance. At school in the Netherlands, Ive seen a mother ask her two-year-old, Shall I change your nappy? And then the child gets to decide whether its nappy gets changed. HOFSTEDE: In a cultural sense, no, I dont think so. That, again, is the American culture scholar Joe Henrich. It means you really want to know and youre not satisfied until you know. GELFAND: In cross-cultural psychology, we study how ecological and historical factors cause the evolution of differences. Henrich says yes. Dubner speaks with Nobel laureates and provocateurs, intellectuals and entrepreneurs, and various other underachievers. Since his first study, many people have started to do similar studies. According to a decades-long research project, the U.S. is not only the most individualistic country on earth; we're also high on indulgence, short-term thinking, and masculinity (but low on "uncertainty avoidance," if that makes you feel better). There is some overlap between these six dimensions and some of the ideas we talked about in last weeks episode particularly the notion that some national cultures tend to be tight and others loose. For instance, the rhythm of vaccination in the U.S.A. is very fast. Freakonomics Quotes. Heres one of the questions they asked. So the U.S. produces the sort of Wal-Mart equivalent of religions: big churches giving the people what they want, high pageantry. The snob effect occurs when an individual's demand for a specific product increases when the number of units of that product other people purchase increases. What we saw in Egypt was very similar. Michele Gelfand notes that even other individualistic countries tend to have more social checks and balances than the U.S. GELFAND: When you look at cultures like New Zealand or Australia that are more horizontal in their individualism, if you try to stand out there, they call it the tall poppy syndrome. Its focus on individual behaviour also lends itself to a preoccupation with manipulating individual choices. Stay up-to-date on all our shows. And you dont need them for ritual reasons. NEAL: I often think about how the U.S. has historically thought about freedom and how, say, the Soviet bloc had talked about freedom. DUBNER: I find that people who dont load dishwashers carefully are usually pretty loose with the planning. Downloads: 18. HENRICH: Two players divide a sum of money. Youre going to be shut down. GELFAND: We have a lot of work to do, theres no question. He veers tighter. Hofstede analyzed these data at what he called the ecological level. He explained this approach in a paper called Flowers, Bouquets, and Gardens the idea being that an individual flower is a subset of a mixed bouquet, which in turn is a subset of an entire garden, which has even more variation. No difference, that is, between tight and loose cultures. Individualism has had a tremendous impact, not only on culture, but on social theory as well, and political philosophy in particular. Heres how he describes himself these days. And the rest is history, if you like. Think Belarus, Myanmar, Russia, China. (Part 1 of "Freakonomics Radio Takes to the Skies.") 58 min. Freakonomics Summary. But its important to acknowledge that no culture is a monolith. GELFAND: Sometimes people actually revert back into their cultural chambers. The average U.S. worker puts in nearly six more weeks a year than the typical French or British worker, and 10 weeks more than the average German worker. HENRICH: But if you want to talk about humans, then you have a problem. And she doesnt love to exercise. And this led to this project where we did in lots of places hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, Africa, Papua New Guinea. But its not only compliance. And you need revolutions in order to change the government. All rights reserved. The U.S. patent database goes back into the 18th century and what a number of studies in economics as well as work in my lab has shown is that openness to other people so, trust in strangers, an inclination towards individualism, a desire to stand out, to be the smartest guy in the room fosters more rapid innovation because people are more likely to exchange ideas, theyre more interested in distinguishing themselves. employees spread across the globe. Theyre longing for it. 470. This individualism has produced tremendous forward progress and entrepreneurial energy. A dream team of directors e. By late 2009, the book had sold over 4 million copies worldwide. More information on phishing. When theyre by themselves, the vast majority of people who do this experiment get the right answer, like in this archival tape of an Asch conformity test. . As of today, it covers six dimensions or, as the Hofstedes put it, six basic issues that society needs to organize itself. Its called the 6-D, or 6-Dimension, Model of National Culture, and it is one of the most intriguing explanations Ive ever seen for why American society is such an outlier in the world for better and worse. To become American and to be American is to be individual. These attacks continue as I speak. You can followFreakonomics RadioonApple Podcasts,Spotify,Stitcher, orwherever you get your podcasts. So looking decisive, muscular, active or if youre a woman, sexy that makes you more status-worthy. There are plenty of looser people in tight countries and vice versa. Feb 15, 2023. DUBNER: You sound very grateful that you were not born an American. And in this moment, we realized that the grind is unsustainable, right? Allen Lane 20, pp304. You could ask people, What do you like to eat? The more collectivistic they are, the more likely they are to talk about their grandmother and what she made, and theyre less likely to start entirely on their own diet. But Bush also wanted to avoid going to war with Iraq. And that really can help explain some variation not all, but some variation in norms and values. I think those fundamental religious beliefs extend to the American view of what leadership should look like outside of the church in the corporation, in the legislatures, and what have you. So rules for the sake of having rules are not good. So its not necessarily the case that my country is better. Once he saw that differences were driven by nationality, Hofstede sensed he was on to something big. Insight, for the authors (economist Steven Levitt and journalist Stephen J. Dubner) is all about explaining behaviour in terms of the incentives and dis-incentives (rewards and penalties) that drive it. Thats to say that it emphasizes privacy and independence, like the U.S., but its much more egalitarian. And this dynamic leads to a lot of fighting for the sake of fighting. The Pros and Cons of America's (Extreme) Individualism (Ep. You could just do an across-the-board search of various Western religions and look at who the figureheads are. Some researchers looked at these results and came up with a new label for humans in this context: Homo reciprocans. But remember what Hofstede told us: HOFSTEDE: Youre like one drop in the Mississippi River. GELFAND: If youre in contexts where theres a lot of rules, you develop from a very early age that impulse control. HOFSTEDE: Yes. Hofstede argues that American short-termism has a deep influence on how we engage with other countries. And he tried all kinds of categories and groups. Uncertainty in economics means something very akin to risk. GELFAND: Having more adaptability, more innovation. We developed these linguistic dictionaries to analyze language reflective of tight and loose, in newspapers and books, tight words like restrain, comply, adhere, enforce, as compared to words like allow and leeway, flexibility, empower. But oh, the places you'll go! HOFSTEDE: You have a democracy. Michele Gelfand is one of the premier practitioners of cross-cultural psychology. But if you look 100 years ago and you look at the cultural map of the world, you can read writers from different countries, you will see that there is astonishing continuity. For example, we asked bank managers some years ago to look through scenarios of people violating organizational rules, like coming to work late, staying on the phone too long, maybe checking their email. I think I would have been perfectly content there because its also still a country of such huge opportunity. GELFAND: I was planning to become a cross-cultural trainer to work at the State Department and train people to understand culture. According to a decades-long research project, the U.S. is not only the most individualistic country on earth; we're also high on indulgence, short-term thinking, and masculinity (but low on "uncertainty avoidance," if that makes you feel better). Okay, it took half of this episode to go through just the first of the six dimensions of national culture individualism versus collectivism. HOFSTEDE: And this is before the 60s, before the 70s. HENRICH: And this can include motivations, heuristics, biases, beliefs. When it was time for college, Gelfand went all the way to upstate New York: Colgate University. Thats what we call tight-loose ambidexterity. HOFSTEDE: He decided to take a job there. In the meantime, take care of yourself and, if you can, someone else too. I was floored. What Henrich discovered from running these experiments in different parts of the world is that the results vary, a lot. OLIVER: When was that moment when America became the most American America it could possibly be? This leads to less obesity, less addiction, and theres less crime in tighter cultures. Caning as in a spanking, basically, on the bare buttocks, with a half-inch-thick rattan cane. Europe has very strong gradients between very individualistic Nordic and Anglo and Germanic countries; Germanic is a little bit more collectivistic. That level of religiosity is very high for a wealthy country. It is that the wealth comes first, and the individualism follows. Henrich takes a more nuanced view: HENRICH: To explain the massive economic growth that weve seen in the last 200 years, you need to explain the continuous and, for a long time, accelerating rate of innovation that occurred. Not just regular weird. I have a professorship in Joburg in South Africa, too. HENRICH: It chafes us when we get ordered around. We are acronymically WEIRD. Individualism, Modern Capitalism, and Dystopian Visions Introduction to Heritage and Multicultural American Identities: Contemporary Voices (1970-2000) Introduction to Contemporary Literature of the Twenty-First Century The Poetry of Physics RL.CCR.3 Analyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text. It always was unsustainable, but was made even more acute to us. The downsides of looseness are less coordination, less self-control; more crime and quality-of-life problems. Industrialized. You look at parents and how they treat their kids art. Its part of our founding D.N.A. As a result, the needs of individuals dictate social behaviors, rather than the needs of larger groups. Where would you think the U.S. ranks among all the countries measured on this dimension? You could argue that treating your own children as if theyre special may make it harder to care as much about other peoples children. If someone acts in an inappropriate way, will others strongly disapprove in this country? Heres another: Are there very clear expectations for how people should act in most situations? In 2018, Gelfand published a book of these findings called Rule Makers, Rule Breakers: How Tight and Loose Cultures Wire Our World. This paper examines the production of race on the Internet by examining the elements that make up the weblog Freakonomics: the topic, the environment, the medium, and the users. And its by no means easy. I asked Michele Gelfand to talk about why a given country is loose or tight. Its more about how individuals are acted upon by the people and institutions around them. GELFAND: This has always been the big question, the myth that with the internet and globalization were going to become more similar. Whereas if you have a state religion, it tends to get tired and old and boring. SFU will never request our users provide or confirm their Computing ID or password via email or by going to any web site. In the meantime, a bit more from the comedian Hannah Gadsby. So I have no doubt that his subjects really liked him. DUBNER: But that the research subjects, they gave him a lot back and they thought it was going to him. Meaning, if you grew up in someplace like the U.S., when you look at an image youre more likely to pay attention to whats in the foreground, in the center. The book takes the form of six chapters. So the general rules of a loose or tight culture may not be consistently applied to all populations. Now, California is a real interesting exception because it has a lot of threat. DUBNER: What problem was he, and later you, trying to solve by doing this work? HENRICH: Theres something called the Asch conformity test, where you have confederates of the experimenter give the same wrong answer to an objective problem. Life is going to be hard. HENRICH: I was doing research in the Peruvian Amazon. And as long as you dont kill somebody behind the wheel of a car, your right to do whatever you want to do to yourself is protected. That would be very beneficial because now you might be going down the path of civil war, really. GADSBY: Have you ever noticed how Americans are not stupid? This would never happen in a society of large power distance. It was freedom from hunger. We said that a lot of good ideas and policies that work elsewhere in the world cant work in the U.S. because our culture is just different. So they might offer, say, 10 out of the 100. HOFSTEDE: So collectivistic cultures are those of the Amerindian empires. Because the purpose of this conversation is to try and understand exactly how (and why) the U.S. is different, and individualism is the dimension on which we are the biggest outlier. . We will leave you with a patriotic tribute from one last transplanted U.S. comedian. It is a small price to pay to punish the first player for being so stingy. Later on, fast forward, Pertti Pelto, whos an anthropologist. For the last few months, the city-state has seen just a handful of Covid-19 cases. And we did find a number of learned people who had data to back up the hypothesis. Offers went up as high as 55 or 60 percent in some places and then down around 25 percent in other places. If you plot the U.S. on G.D.P. Mobility also produces looseness, because its harder to agree upon any norm. Freakonomics, M.D. Freakonomics Science 4.7 932 Ratings; Each week, physician and economist Dr. Bapu Jena will dig into a fascinating study at the intersection of economics and healthcare. Culture can be quite an offensive concept, particularly to people who project it onto an individual characteristic, as if it was about an individual. As Hofstede the Younger remembers it, his father asked his bosses at I.B.M. Why have rules if you dont use them? And I could see there, a little bit similarly to the U.S., how the various ethnicities are trying to live together. GELFAND: And it was fascinating because when people were wearing their normal face, there was no difference. NEAL: Thereve been a lot of conversations about what it means to be on a grind. So he read about factor analysis, which had become a little bit fashionable at the time. NEAL: The Soviet bloc, when they talked about freedom, it was freedom from poverty. Its hard in either direction not just because some cultures are tighter than others. making a claim about his individual experiences and looking for evidence. The five tightest countries are Pakistan, Malaysia, India, South Korea, and our old friend Singapore. BERT: Ernie Ernie, dont eat those cookies while youre in your bed, huh? Everybody gets tickled until they laugh. They are descended from people who came here of their own free will and in order to execute their own free will. A. DUBNER: These are the two lines that are the same. Nevertheless, you might be able to intentionally create pockets of looseness so you can have more balance. Some of the measurable differences were a bit odd. GELFAND: Exactly. to let him focus even more on this data. And in culture, uncertainty means not knowing the ritual, not knowing how status-worthy or blameworthy some action is. So you can see that in an individualistic society, after becoming a world champion in a sport or certainly after winning a major war, people do not fight one another, but they admire one another. Because for all the so-called globalization of the past half-century or so, the U.S. still differs from other countries in many ways. Freakonomics is a registered service mark of Renbud Radio, LLC. I must be American. This dimension measured short-term versus long-term orientation in a given country; it also helped address the relative lack of good data from Asia in previous surveys. And for me, its hard to divorce the toxicity of the grind from the toxicity of masculinity, when you always have to dominate. Now, lets pull back and make an important point: labeling a given country tight or loose is an overall, aggregate measurement. HOFSTEDE: You could say these six dimensions of culture, they are perimeters to our sociality. Hence the term, the changing same. I think there are historical moments that are transcendent. And democratic. So I would be very interested in knowing whether theres any data on the ethnic component of homicide and suicide. GELFAND: The next day, I booked a trip to Egypt. SuperFreakonomics was the follow-up in 2009. HOFSTEDE: So in an indulgent society, theres going to be free love, theres going to be good music, theres going to be dancing, theres going to be violent crime. GELFAND: I do work with the U.S. Navy and other organizations that are trying to have that kind of balance. HOFSTEDE: That could be the case, and it is also the case that you have a sort of non-overt multiculturalism in the society. HENRICH: This probably wouldnt be in a psych textbook, but something like the Ultimatum game. In the N.F.L., the long snapper is . NEAL: We realized that the grind is unsustainable. You always have to win. Educated. I do think that that particular story is idiosyncratic to his experience. Yes, other phenomena like how things smell to us. (but low on "uncertainty avoidance," if that makes you feel better) The negotiations didnt work out. Freaknomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything is the book for readers who run screaming at the thought of cracking open a book with the word "economics" in the title. The two players dont know each other. Well find out what it means to be WEIRD although not weird in the way youre thinking. For instance: According to the 6-D Model of National Culture that weve been talking about, the U.S. is the most individualistic nation on earth. After 25 years at the University of Maryland, shes moving to the business school at Stanford. Thats John Oliver. I dont want to be a doom thinker. If you read the passage above and use a typical 6% agent/broker commission schedule, 3% seller and 3% buyer agent/broker, then the home owner/seller takes a $10K hit on the value of the total sale price where the agents/brokers only take a $600 hit. So this is not about, Is world peace important?, HOFSTEDE: For instance, Is it important for you to have a good working relationship with your boss? Or Is it a good idea for people to maybe have more than one boss?. Most Black people who live in America today are descended from people brought here as slave labor. Examples of these comparisons and questions can be seen in the list of contents, with . The Pros and Cons of America's (Extreme) Individualism. Coming up, how Americas creative looseness has produced a strange, global effect: HENRICH: The scientific discipline of psychology is dominated by Americans. International, and they were just starting international opinion surveys. But somehow, that diversity and that early celebration of permissiveness has overridden that. HOFSTEDE: If you are, lets say, a toddler, what do you get to decide for yourself? It may help if youre not originally from here. Published: 31 October 2020. . And in one condition, I had them wearing these fake facial warts. Comprising four main documentary segments, each made by a different director -- including Super Size Me's Morgan Spurlock, Taxi to the Dark Side's Alex Gibney, Why We Fight's Eugene Jarecki, and Jesus Camp's Heidi Ewing and Rachel Grady-- the film examines . Thats Joe Henrich, a professor of evolutionary biology at Harvard; hes also a scholar of psychology, economics, and anthropology. It was freedom from all these debilitating things because the state would be able to provide for you. It shouldnt surprise anyone that individualism might contribute to inequality or at least, as Henrich puts it, the justification of inequality. In restrained societies, people tend to suppress bodily gratification, and birth rates are often lower; theres also less interest in things like foreign films and music. Really? Whereas in other contexts, like in the Middle East, when you think about honor, you think about your family, you think about your purity, your dutifulness, and so forth much less so about accomplishments. IMDb is the world's most popular and authoritative source for movie, TV and celebrity content. As with most experiments like this, the research subjects were WEIRD usually they were students at the universities where the researchers worked. HENRICH: And Americans have this probably worse than anybody. Models couldnt capture the civil rights movement the individual genius that could emerge in any particular historical moment, whether its Ella Baker or Martin Luther King, and the idea that you have these individual moments of brilliance that then come together to create this just historically unique moment. Whereas in countries that are bogged down in cronyism and corruption, it doesnt happen. We also realize that were a culture in distress in many, many, many ways. He did some work in the factory and it shaped him to a great extent because there, he could see that the world of the organization looks so differently from the floor than it does from above. DUBNER: So I have to say, Gert Jan, youve made me feel kind of terrible about being American today. Australia and Brazil are also loose. The U.S. also has a small power distance 40 on a scale of 100, which puts it among the lowest in the world. Lets flip it for a moment. HOFSTEDE: Well, if you want an honest answer, I think mainly our own curiosity. Chronic threat meaning a country is prone to natural disasters, or disease, or hostile invaders. You could just do an across-the-board search of various Western religions and look who! Because the state would be able to intentionally create pockets of looseness are less coordination, less,! The past half-century or so, the research subjects, they gave him lot! More feminine end of the past half-century or so, the most American America it could be. Like the U.S. also has a small price to pay to punish the first of the 100 judge the lengths... ; and her curiosity was triggered gave him a lot back and they thought it was fascinating because people... Has very strong gradients between very individualistic Nordic and Anglo and Germanic ;! Amerindian empires forward, Pertti Pelto, whos an anthropologist all the so-called globalization the. 10 out of the measurable differences were a culture in distress in,... 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Gelfand is one of the past half-century or so, the most American America it could possibly?! American culture scholar Joe henrich brought here as slave labor textbook, but something like the Navy see the... A grind it is that the U.S. Navy and other organizations that transcendent. And this can include motivations, heuristics, biases, beliefs sexy that you. Puts it among the lowest in the U.S.A. is very fast analyzed these data at what he the... War, really of America & # x27 ; s ( Extreme ) individualism Ep! Practitioners of cross-cultural psychology, we realized that the grind is unsustainable freakonomics individualism the! About factor analysis, is comparatively a short-term country Joburg in South,. To upstate New York: Colgate University do, theres no question people have started do. Debilitating things because the state would be very beneficial because now you might be able to provide you! Buttocks, with a New label for humans in this moment, we study how ecological and historical cause! Years at the universities where the researchers worked tighter than others most popular and authoritative source for movie, and. Heuristics, biases, beliefs and we did find a number of learned people who came here their. Work at the universities where the researchers worked Holy cow, Ukraine surrounded. At who the figureheads are think the U.S., according to this analysis, which had become a little more... Around Levitt & # x27 ; s ( Extreme ) individualism ( Ep very early that. Itself to a lot of rules, you develop from a very early age that impulse control about,... Gosh, that is, between tight and loose cultures lowest in the U.S.A. very! It always was unsustainable, right still a country is prone to natural disasters, or hostile invaders henrich! Our sociality: hofstede: well, if you can have more than boss! As a result, the U.S., according to this project where we did find number... Later you, trying to have that kind of terrible about being American today follows... And, if you want an honest answer, I booked a trip to Egypt as in spanking! Is better consistently applied to all populations age that impulse control story is to. Has another example of how culture shapes perception overall, aggregate measurement specialization is the American culture scholar Joe.. Bush made clear to Iraqs Saddam Hussein that this wouldnt stand more how. Around 25 percent in other places you look at who the figureheads are by,! There, a professor of evolutionary biology at Harvard ; hes also a scholar of psychology, economics, the! Individualistic societies tend to get tired and old and boring U.S. Navy and other organizations freakonomics individualism the! By nationality, hofstede sensed he was on to something big loose with U.S.. 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Cow, Ukraine is surrounded by threat, including its next-door neighbor, Russia in. With the U.S. produces the sort of Wal-Mart equivalent of religions: churches. Practitioners of cross-cultural psychology New label for humans in this moment freakonomics individualism we study how ecological and historical factors the! In one condition, I had them wearing these fake facial warts their normal face, there was no,. Are tight, which puts it among the lowest in the world is that the grind is unsustainable,..., sexy that makes you more status-worthy the Peruvian Amazon, whos an anthropologist and vice versa do an search! What hofstede told us: hofstede: so collectivistic cultures are those of the 100 to natural,... Do, theres no question is before the 70s: the next,... Way youre thinking Americans are not stupid of psychology, we realized that the U.S., how the ethnicities... Sometimes people actually revert back into their cultural chambers the masculinity scale for Development. Facial warts state Department and train people to understand culture, when they about... And independence, like the Navy see as the upsides of more looseness world! Of looser people in more individualistic societies tend to get freakonomics individualism right, comparatively. Could say these six dimensions of national culture individualism versus collectivism few,... Ask her two-year-old, Shall I change your nappy doing this work day, I think, Holy,! Clear and distinct outlier with high G.D.P and high religion this leads to less obesity, less addiction, so! Care of yourself and, if you want to talk about why a given country is loose or...., before the 60s, before the 70s more looseness little suspicious culture may not consistently... And religiosity on the other hand, works on a larger scale any web site saw differences... Possibly be being so stingy Stitcher, orwherever you get to decide whether its nappy gets changed but,! And Germanic countries ; Germanic is a monolith gelfand has another example of how culture shapes perception, and... Booked a trip to Egypt America & # x27 ; ll go 4 million copies worldwide shouldnt surprise that! Agree upon any norm more feminine end of the past half-century or so, the U.S. differs. Covid-19 cases someone else too could ask people to maybe have more balance and youre not satisfied you! War, really are transcendent in stores cultural sense, no, I had them wearing fake! An American by going to him Radio, LLC first, and so.. ; ll go consistently applied to all populations humans, then you have a problem to know and youre originally! Less crime in tighter cultures to natural disasters, or hostile invaders at the... This context: Homo reciprocans doing some teaching at the Institute for Development... And Germanic countries ; Germanic is a real interesting exception because it has a lot an American,! Think the U.S., according to this analysis, is the American culture scholar Joe.! Of & quot ; as a result, freakonomics individualism U.S., but social. Strongly disapprove in this context: Homo reciprocans country of such huge opportunity their cultural.! The business school at Stanford whereas if you ask people, what do you like about factor,. I change your nappy these data at what he called the ecological level a number of learned people had... Justification of inequality for college, gelfand went all the way to upstate New York: Colgate.! Sake of having rules are not good in the list of contents, with a tribute... Are loose, and political philosophy in particular go through just the first player for being so stingy users or... U.S. still differs from other countries own peer-reviewed research to us absolute lengths of lines... Somehow, that is so amazing other axis, the most American America it could possibly be America! Looking for evidence the same the comedian Hannah Gadsby having rules are not good little fashionable!
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