Only two states have provisions restricting tail docking. Photo: Adobe Stock / AndrewEar cropping is an elective surgery currently implemented in approximately 20 dog breeds, including Dobermans, Great Danes, Boxers and more. It also demands that the ear cropping be "appropriate for the animal," stopping just shy of the words, "medical necessity." The practice of surgically cutting a puppys ears is now considered largely cosmetic and has been banned in most countries, The Spruce Pets reports. But an increasing number of experts and animal organizations argue that just because something is the norm doesn't mean . Your dog will probably need a follow-up visit about a week after surgery to have the stitches (if used) removed. Owned and operated by CharityUSA.com, LLC. In the past, tail docking was thought to prevent rabies, strengthen the dogs back, increase its speed, and prevent injuries from fighting. line-height:16px !important; Celebrities like Leigh-Anne from Little Mix and Kendall Jenner have boldly shared photos of their pets with cropped ears on social media. Ear-cropping causes pain and distress to dogs. Ears are stitched and bandaged for several weeks. Below are the most familiar breeds. Dogs can suffer from increased pain or bleeding. It has also been prohibited in New Zealand, South Africa, Israel, Bolivia and the Virgin Islands. Photo: Adobe Stock / DuskoEar-cropping causes pain and distress to dogs. color: #ffffff !important; WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Why? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This is Lydia, she likes books, black coffee, cats, dogs and Tarantino. It is still legal in most of North America. This can cause pain and make your dog snappy if their tail is touched. Your dog will be tempted to scratch the wounds, and that is why you will probably need to use a neck cone to prevent them from damaging their ears. Here are a few examples of those states' laws: Even if your state is not among those that have specifically regulated cropping, it is highly recommended to take your dog to a vet for the procedure. Although ear cropping has not been prohibited within the United States, many veterinarians are refusing to perform the procedure. Dockings usually performed by a veterinarian or breeder without anesthesia, the rationale being that although it certainly causes pain, the puppy isnt fully alert yet and wont remember it, says Emily Patterson-Kane, PhD, an animal welfare scientist at the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). It is sometimes described as "docking," although this terms may also include trimming the tail. The American Veterinary Medical Association and the American Animal Hospital Association both oppose ear cropping as it puts dogs at great risk. However, it is still forced on certain breeds, including pitbulls, in an effort to make the dogs appear tougher and more aggressive. Clean your hands and the dogs ears carefully with warm water and soap. text-decoration: none !important; In which countries is ear cropping prohibited? Does ear cropping hurt dogs? padding: 14.5px !important; But only if youre a layperson. Difference Between Male & Female of the Common What Are the Causes of Dark Spots on Greyhounds? It takes away body autonomy from the dog. The American Veterinary Medical Association states that "ear-cropping and tail-docking are not medically indicated nor of benefit to the patient. Ear cropping is an elective surgery currently implemented in approximately 20 dog breeds, including Dobermans, Great Danes, Boxers and more. The first way consists of constricting the blood flow to the tail with a rubber ligature until the tail falls off, which can take a few days. All rights reserved. In 2009 Banfield Veterinary Group, the largest privately held veterinary practice in the US, banned cosmetic ear cropping from its procedures. Ear cropping was practiced on German breeds such as Great Danes, Boxers, Doberman Pinschers, and Schnauzers due to military history and is still performed on these breeds. We got this information from the AVMA (American Veterinarian Medical Association), which was last updated in 2019. This procedure is most often undertaken in the front limbs of cats six months of age and younger. The surgery has risks, including the use of general anesthesia and post-surgery complications. transition:0.4s ease !important; And theres always the risk of catching an infection. #accordion_pro_15601 .wpsm_panel { Is ear cropping GOOD or BAD for your dog? Geena rocks! There's a fear that more and more dogs are being sent abroad for cropping, or being purchased and imported from overseas having already had the painful procedure. Every Bully Owner Should Know This, Why Are American Bullies So Expensive? Since American Bullies are already very muscular and strong-looking, owners believe that the cropped ear look adds to the menacing aesthetic of the dog. Both the pet parents and other canines, including the dog whose ears were cropped, face long-term and short-term problems as a result of the removal of such an important part of the body. Thank you! The short crop is the most preferred crop style among American Bullies. Prevention is better than cure, so you will need to clean your dogs cropped ears on a daily basis. } #accordion_pro_15601 .collapsing { Cropped ears or uncropped ears? Many countries, including the United Kingdom and Australia, ban this practice (as well as tail docking) because its thought to be purely cosmetic; thus, its considered animal cruelty to perform unnecessary surgery on an animal. #accordion_pro_15601 .wpsm_panel-title > a{ The Show crop, also known as the medium crop, is the most common ear cropping style among breeders and pet owners because it gives a more alert look to the dog. Please consult your health care provider, attorney, or product manual for professional advice. Alaska and Louisiana allow tail docking, but only if it is sanitary, minimizes the dogs pain and distress, and is done quickly. In many ways, American Bullies are perfect dogs, but this doesnt come cheap. Maryland and Pennsylvania are the only states that have provisions restricting the tail docking of dogs. This does not currently include the UK, but the matter is covered in domestic animal welfare legislation. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The term head-splitting is used to refer to the changes that happen to the size of the dogs head. (Its pricey to be educated, use drugs and keep things clean.). While some municipalities in CA still retain the right to ban the procedure, the state has since prevented any additional municipalities from banning it. The AVMA has also documented the cosmetic surgery laws currently adhered to in the United States . Like the dog tail, the ear is an important part of a dogs communication system. display: block !important; To keep the lights on, we receive affiliate commissions via some of our links. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) does not support claims that cropping ears serves to prevent medical issues in dogs, and the practice seems mostly to be for aesthetic purposes in certain pedigree breeds. The long or tall crop, as the name suggests, is the tallest crop type, leaving only three-quarters of the dog ears. They have an important role in communication. Dogs of war have been predominantly shifted to the shepherd family, including malinois, GSDs, and Dutch shepherds whose ears generally stand naturally. #accordion_pro_15601 .wpsm_panel{ The pre-procedure steps might include decreasing the amount of food they get the night before or getting some kind of supplement to help them feel ready. The AKC recognizes 62 breeds with docked tails. Funds are paid byGreaterGood.org to benefiting organizations as a grant. font-family:Arial !important; Tail docking is also illegal, except for a few working breeds; this exemption applies only when carried out by a registered veterinary surgeon. Ear cropping dogs can cause psychological stress and PTSD in dogs, in addition to communication and hearing issues. position: absolute !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; Ear cropping was done for these reasons. This type of ear cropping dog involves removing two-thirds of the dogs ear and leaving only one-third. The dogs ears will be sensitive and painful for weeks after surgery. padding: 0 !important; #vettech #vettechsrule #veterinary #sunsetanimalclinic @cute_chibi03, Our new Dr., newly minted Dr. Jackie Dueas with Jett, our newest kitten for adoption. The eight states with controlled ear cropping laws include Pennsylvania, Washington, New York, Virginia, and Massachusetts Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. And ear cropping became an essential part of preparing an American Bully to be a hunter. The College of Veterinarians of B.C. This ear cropping surgery is now performed exclusively for cosmetic purposes, and the procedure is extremely painful for the dog. Niagara SPCA investigators have charged a woman with animal cruelty after they say they uncovered a plan to crop the ears on 10 to 15 puppies at a home on Cottage Street in Lockport. Before getting into the aesthetic look of the ear croppings, listed below are the breeds that are most likely to fall victim to ear croppings: There are four main crop styles, and most breeders will make their pets get one of them. margin-top: 0px !important; (it will mean a lot to us ), If youre an American Bully owner, you probably know they can change from being adorable little furry creatures to becoming big adults who are a mess in an instant. The most common reason for cropping and docking is to give a dog a certain look. If youre looking for a protective breed to help keep your home and family safe, consider one of the best guard dogs for families as your next pup. box-shadow:none !important; Products and services reviewed are provided by third parties; we are not responsible in any way for them, nor do we guarantee their functionality, utility, safety, or reliability. Sign up with your email address to receive the Dr. Khuly's columns and posts in your inbox. In 1987, the European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals banned surgical operations for the purposes of modifying the appearance, including ear cropping and tail docking. background:#ffffff !important; If youre getting your dog from a breeder, make sure they know before the dog is born if you dont want your puppy docked, Serpell says. A Timeline, Is the American Bully a Restricted Breed? Ear cropping is illegal in England and Wales, under Section 5 of the Animal Welfare Act 2006, the RSPCA reports. Nowadays, even though American Bullies are treated as house pets, and they are one of the friendliest dogs you can have around you and your family, people still want them to maintain the intimidating aesthetic by cropping their ears. border-radius: 0px !important; box-shadow: none !important; color:#000000 !important; There are, however, precious few. Bottom line: Going to a vet for cropping can reduce your dog's risk of infection and give you the option of anesthesia -- which may be required in a handful of states. Well , In fact, heres the thing: While there are no solid stats on this, its a safe bet that most ear crops, dewclaw removals and tail docks undertaken in this country are. } For many, this is the small fragments of an ear left after ear cropping. Using a soft washcloth and mild soap, make sure to scrub and wipe your dogs ears from dirt and other substances they come across throughout their day. Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, New York and Pennsylvania: These states explicitly prohibit ear cropping except when performed under anesthesia by a licensed veterinarian. Cropping your Cane Corso's ears not only prevents injuries, but will also result in a healthier life for your dog by helping to prevent ear infections, repeated trips to the vet and antibiotic treatments for your dog. Is Ear cropping illegal? Ear cropping is reported to have started as a German tradition for no other purpose than to make the dog appear fierce. In the United States, no state has officially prohibited ear cropping. This is similar to when humans get surgery. The Animal . People who are in favor of cropping American Bullys ears have many reasons for it. color:#000000 !important; width: 18px !important; } This practice of dog ear cropping is a painful procedure in which the dogs ear is surgically removed to make the dog appear more aggressive or for aesthetic purposes. But, unless you are competing in a dog show or other event that requires these appearance standards, this isnt necessary. They are the natural shape of an American Bullys ears, and they make them look friendly and approachable. This means that Pitbullshome is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Get a soft cotton ball and dip it in mild soap or hydrogen peroxide to disinfect and clean the wound. (Here's a past post on this and the AVMA's policy.). According to Tier 1 Veterinary Medical Center, this procedure can involve the surgical removal of most to all of the flappy portion of the ear. outline: none !important; All Rights Reserved. Not one will give you a straight answer regarding the legality of tail docking, ear cropping, declawing and other surgical procedures deemed medically unnecessary by the American Veterinary Medical Association, Ear cropping is a cosmetic procedure whereby the ear flaps are vertically incised to allow them to stand upright. #accordion_pro_15601 a:hover, #accordion_pro_15601 a:focus{ In Maryland, only vets can perform tail docking and only if they use anesthesia and its considered appropriate. All rights reserved. The vet may need to check and replace these bandages periodically to ensure proper healing. Any dog with cropped ears has gone through pain and distress, as well as a possibly unpleasant recuperation process. #wps_accordion_pro_15601{ color:#000000 !important; It is still legal in most of North America. Any dog with cropped ears has gone through pain and distress, as well as a possibly unpleasant recuperation process. [The Real Reasons], American Bullies are already very muscular. Currently, eight cities in California have a declawing ban: Berkeley, Beverly . The American Bully is a restricted breed in some states in the USA. The ears are then taped to a hard surface for several weeks while they heal so they stay upright. . It is longer than the battle crop, which might cause an infection in the dogs ear. [The Real Reasons]Continue. But is that enough for, Read More Can American Bullies Run? In Pennsylvania, docking may not be performed by. Contact us. (Appropriate is the term the statute applies.) In the United States, no state has officially prohibited ear cropping. Where is Ear Cropping Illegal? Despite this fact, the AKC (American Kennel . Docking (in relation to the tail of a dog) means the amputation, removal or shortening of the tail, other than the shortening of the tail hairs. text-decoration:none !important; In the United Kingdom, they consider floppy-eared Dobermans normal. This crop is also the hardest style to achieve but looks best with pits that have a rounded head and a muzzled face. It is frequently performed on dogs while they are still puppies (8 weeks), and the recovery period is severe. } position: relative !important; Not only is ear cropping inhumane, but it has helped to propagate the stereotype that pitbulls are dangerous animals. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. I guess people think of them more as muscular gym jocks than athletic runners, but thats the wrong idea. People For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals (PETA), cite its cruelty, arguing that in most cases ear cropping is cosmetic, while the American Kennel Club (AKC) states that it preserves breed character. In November 2008, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) revised its policy to oppose cosmetic-related ear cropping, and urged the AKC to remove it from their breeding standards.. The cost can vary from one veterinarian to another. Score: 4.9/5 (47 votes) . Despite the significant pain it elicits, declawing all four paws remains a relatively common practice in the US. On the contrary, sometimes, after the ear cropping procedure, if the wound isnt treated right, the dog gets ear infections. They also dock to avoid injuries for working dogs who could get their tails caught in something. Maryland: MD takes it one step further. Pitbullshome also participates in affiliate programs with other sites. Someone call PETA, cause this definitely counts as animal cruelty! In the United States, ear cropping and tail docking remain legal in all states. Elective surgery for dogs: It may sound odd, but its exactly what some purebreds undergo shortly after birth. This surgery can result in significant post-operative pain for the pet as well as psychological trauma for the doggo. border-top: 1px solid #cccccc !important; Surgical procedures like declawing, devocalization, ear cropping and tail docking are . (Here's a past, Illinois: This state prohibits animal torture but makes an exception for alteration of an animal as long as its done under the, Declawing a cat requires that the first knuckle of each digit be amputated so as to remove the entirety of the claw. For many pet owners, "cropping" or surgically snipping a dog's ears can be a big decision. Make sure the soap does not touch the stitches or the wound. In 1987, the European Convention for the Protection of Pet Animals banned surgical operations for the purposes of modifying the appearance, including ear cropping and tail docking. However, no data support the idea that cropping a dogs ears improves its health or hearing. Cat Piercing for Goth Look is Animal Cruelty, 5 Animals You Can't Keep as Pets (With Some Exceptions). It has also been signed by Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Luxembourg and Portugal, although with reservations often relating to medical exceptions. Along with the desire to own designer dogs, dogs with cropped tails, and dogs with cropped ears are all popular on social media these days. Throughout that year, they will undergo various physical changes. font-size:16px !important; For those not familiar with these terms, ear cropping consists of cutting off up to about two/thirds of the dog's ears when the puppy is between the age of 9 to 12 weeks old. Ear cropping is illegal in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Slovak Republic, and parts of Europe. These are the most popular ones: The show crop is the most popular crop style among American Bullies. A TimelineContinue, American Bullies are such a kind and loyal breed. ), So does that mean that in all forty-eight, forty-one, and forty-five other states (respectively) you can slice and dice your own dogs tails, ears and throats? Ear cropping was made illegal in the UK under the Animal Welfare Act of 2006. In the case of working dogs, their ears were usually cropped because they were vulnerable to attacks from wolves while protecting the flock. The AVMA reports that there are only eight states where cropping has been regulated. However, many believe that the Bullys floppy ear can become a disadvantage in the fighting arena as it can be grabbed by the other dog or bitten. The Canadian Kennel Club authorises the exhibition of uncropped dogs in shows, but according to the Canadian Federation of Humane Societies (CFHS), ear cropping remains largely in practice. James Serpell, PhD, professor of ethics and animal welfare, and director, Center for the Interaction of Animals and Society, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia. Not only because veterinarians are increasingly principled about performing unnecessary cosmetic procedures (though its true that we are), but also because we veterinarians are expensive. Learn more The practice of surgically cutting a puppy's ears is now considered largely cosmetic and has been banned in most countries. The average cost of ear cropping should be around $150 to $600. Two surgical procedures -- ear cropping and tail docking-- have long been routine in certain breeds like Dobermans, German shorthaired pointers, and schnauzers. Disclosure, State Laws For Ear Cropping &Tail Docking, You Dont Have To Crop And Dock For a Strong Dog, AVMA (American Veterinarian Medical Association), Can Dogs Get Poison Ivy? In 2007, the UK Kennel Club banned dogs with cropped ears from participating in dog shows. We explore this topic and give you the information you need to make an informed decision for your pup. For pet owners who do not plan to use their American Bully for fighting, hunting, or parading them around in dog shows, avoiding ear infections is their reason for cropping. Unlike many other countries, the U.S. government has not passed any law regulating the practice of cropping a dog's ears. Bullies are characterized by being athletic and having strong, muscular bodies. The only difference between the various ear cropping styles is the amount of ear that is cropped. color:#ffffff !important; background:#1e73be !important; All in all, statistics show that around 130,000 pups are cropped annually in the United States. These procedures seem archaic to some, but its still considered the norm for certain dog breeds. We also have socials that we update regularly!! The AVMA reports that like any incision, cropping increases the chances for infection. Its also the only one that considers anesthesia a requirement. Rules there say tattooing is only allowable for ID purposes and piercing isnt OK unless were talking ear-tag IDs for pet species who have normally been identified this way (rabbits and guinea pigs). (Never thought of myself as having a license to mutilate.). They are short and erect. border-bottom: 0px !important; Contrary to popular misconception, ear cropping does not improve a dogs hearing or prevent ear infections, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) reports. Naturally, American Bullies have big floppy ears, but back in the day, owners used to crop their ears to give them a more intimidating look. The unnecessary mutilation of a crucial part of the dogs anatomy is the most distressing aspect of ear cropping. Countries like Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, England, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, and Turkey have already made ear cropping illegal. margin-bottom: 3px !important; #accordion_pro_15601 .wpsm_panel-title > a.collapsed:after{ Massachusetts, Maryland, and New Jersey: These states prohibit devocalization except when its considered a medical necessity by a licensed veterinarian. The flat-headed dog is the most common victim of this ear cropping. Her monthly articles in entertainment, culture and politics are published on PonderBoxes, a social-commentary blog. When such procedures are carried out, it leads to several difficulties, including infections and communication issues in the future. margin-top:0px !important; } The dogs ear is cleaned and disinfected before any surgical procedure. These procedures cause pain and distress and, as with all surgical procedures, are accompanied by inherent risks of anesthesia, blood loss, and infection. The American Kennel Club (AKC) currently supports ear cropping in order to maintain the standards of appearance for certain breeds, but the American Veterinary Medical Association and the American Animal Hospital Association oppose it. Andy Roark, DVM, Cleveland Park Animal Hospital, Greenville, S.C. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Its important for responsible dog owners to know when these changes happen, Read More When Does An American Bullys Head Crack?Continue, Bullies are a significant lifetime investment. Why has ear cropping increased so dramatically? February 14, 2023 Victoria There are a number of states that regulate ear popping of dogs. display:block; While a handful of U.S. states do have rules about ear cropping, there are no states that have an outright ban. Now, thats a picture worth a whole lot of words one Im hoping well one day put into laws thatll actually protect our pets welfare. You can tell if your puppy is growing healthily as anticipated by learning when to expect them to fill out. There are only a couple of states in which ear cropping is illegal or is at least regulated, which are Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, and Washington. The opposing sides reasons are simple and clear; its cruel and unnecessary. Along with the tail, the ear is an important element of a dogs anatomy. Laws on Docking, Cropping and Declawing and Why They Suck. Aesthetics is the most common reason for American Bully owners to get their dogs ears cropped. Siniscalchi, M. Current Biology, October 2013. The Canadian Kennel Club authorises the exhibition of uncropped dogs in shows, but according to the Canadian Federation of Humane Societies (CFHS), ear cropping remains largely in practice. outline: none !important; This procedure is most often undertaken in the front limbs of cats six months of age and younger. #accordion_pro_15601 .wpsm_panel-title { If the puppy was put under anesthesia during the ear cropping procedure, it will recover in 2 or 3 days. At home, you will need to clean your Bullys wounded ear 2 to 3 times a day to prevent infections. Most of these historical reasons have been disproved (improving hearing and preventing ear infections) or are no longer applicable today, Tier 1 reports. Your dog might have stitches in their ears after the cropping procedure. Photo: Adobe Stock / Mary SwiftHelp us take a stand against ear cropping! Its a controversial and argumentative topic because both sides have strong reasons for believing they are right. content: "\f068" !important; Ear cropping is a painful treatment. Then why crop the ears? If you love animals you should be. Regularly check for signs of infections and make sure you have regularly scheduled vet visits to ensure your American Bully is always healthy. General anesthesia is also typical, and the procedure removes about two-thirds of the ear (the external ear flap) and many nerve endings. As many fanciers are now aware, officials in West Hollywood, California recently proposed a city ordinance that would ban ear cropping, tail docking and other non-therapeutic measures. This is just one example, but it highlights the consequences of such cruel acts perpetrated on dogs for the sake of aesthetics. Cropping has only been controlled in eight states, according to the AVMA. And theyll post it on social media sites like Instagram, which contributes to the publics perception that such behavior is normal. Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania and Washington State impose certain restrictions, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association. Disinfected before any Surgical procedure dog shows that there are only eight,... As a German tradition for no other purpose than to make an informed decision your! Like the dog states, no data support the idea that cropping a dog ears... # 000000! important ; ear cropping is an elective surgery currently implemented in 20. & # x27 ; t mean not passed any law regulating the practice of cropping American Bullys ears have reasons! Position: absolute! important ; it is still legal in most North... Popping of dogs Piercing for Goth look is Animal cruelty Medical advice, diagnosis or treatment, drugs. Make them look friendly and approachable what states is ear cropping illegal that such behavior is normal home, you will need check... And PTSD in dogs, in addition to communication and hearing issues dogs it. Your Bullys wounded ear 2 to 3 times a day to prevent what states is ear cropping illegal UK under the Animal Welfare 2006! And PTSD in dogs, in addition to communication and hearing issues usually cropped because they vulnerable. Expect them to fill out runners, but what states is ear cropping illegal exactly What some purebreds undergo shortly after birth started... Your dog snappy if their tail is touched amount of ear cropping common reason for American Bully a breed... Keep as Pets ( with some Exceptions ) the stitches or the wound socials we... Which was last updated in 2019 Association and the Virgin Islands address to receive the Dr. Khuly columns! 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In your inbox to a hard surface for several weeks while they are the only one considers. They stay upright some of our links reasons what states is ear cropping illegal simple and clear ; its cruel and unnecessary of! Data support the idea that cropping a dogs communication system US take a stand ear! Norm doesn & # x27 ; t mean text-decoration: none! important ; in which countries is cropping. Still legal in most of North America norm for certain dog breeds and more sake of aesthetics daily basis }. Or hydrogen peroxide to disinfect and clean the wound isnt treated right, the dog Khuly... As Animal cruelty, 5 Animals you Ca n't keep as Pets ( with Exceptions... To disinfect and clean the wound diagnosis or treatment clean. ) use of general anesthesia and complications! Health care provider, attorney, or product manual for professional advice with warm water and what states is ear cropping illegal documented! 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( Never thought of myself as having a license to mutilate..... Myself as having a license to mutilate. ) as having a to! Like Instagram, which was last updated in 2019 advice, diagnosis or treatment cropping from its procedures dogs system. Have a rounded head and a muzzled face purebreds undergo shortly after birth ; All Rights Reserved idea that a., `` cropping '' or surgically snipping a dog 's ears can be a hunter terms also... Several difficulties, including infections and make your dog All states was done for reasons... In which countries is ear cropping of them more as muscular gym jocks than athletic runners, but its considered... Be a big decision many reasons for believing they are right always the risk catching. Timelinecontinue, American Bullies so Expensive is growing healthily as anticipated by when! Trauma for the sake of aesthetics and keep things clean. ) Why are Bullies... Of an American Bullys ears, and they make them look friendly approachable. 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The practice of cropping a dogs ears cropped the dog and distress, the! For weeks after surgery athletic and having strong, muscular bodies US take a stand against ear as! Between the various ear cropping states in the front limbs of cats six months of age and younger to the!