The epic poem ends in a nostalgic and mournful way. BMC Med Res Methodol. In this way, it may also provide a starting point for more nuanced qualitative work with specific populations and circumstances to ascertain components which may be characteristic of certain experiences. The search strategy for our primary database (MEDLINE) was developed in collaboration with an information specialist. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Pauline Phillips once said "Loneliness is the ultimate poverty." Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men agrees with her statement, the book clearly projects the message of the awfulness of loneliness. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh; 2016. Terms and Conditions, After the synthesis is complete, a sensitivity analysis will be undertaken in which any low-quality studies (as identified through the JBI checklist) are excluded from the analysis to assess whether the synthesis is altered when these studies are removed, in terms of any themes being lost entirely or becoming less rich or thick [42]. This is an important point given that the review will inherently be constrained by the number of studies that exist and the focus that has primarily been given to quantitative loneliness research thus far. PMP is the study guarantor. These findings underline the need to better understand what makes up the subjective experience of loneliness, given that it is clearly not sufficiently captured by the objective experience of being alone. He is alienated at work and home by his demanding, disrespectful family. Here are a couple of quotes from Frankenstein directly related to the theme of isolation and loneliness: How slowly the time passes here, encompassed as I am by frost and snowI have one want which I have never yet been able to satisfy and the absence of the object of which I now feel as a most severe evil. Quality of the included articles will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research [32]. Its also vital to mention that the two World Wars introduced even greater changes in human relationships. In his masterpiece Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck presents loneliness in many tragic ways. A theme is an idea that runs throughout a text. This systematic review and thematic synthesis will clarify how loneliness is subjectively experienced across the lifespan in the general population. He thought back on his family with deep emotion and love. Crooks says "I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an' he gets sick"(73) Throughout the story Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck utilizes the theme . loneliness and isolation When the premise of an argument relies on mention of the character, background, or personality of a person, what is the logical fallacy being committed? Whilst primary empirical studies are not themselves extensive sources, with books in particular often offering rich descriptions of loneliness (see, e.g. A Streetcar Named Desire Topic Tracking: Loneliness. It also explores the distinction between voluntary and involuntary isolation: To learn more about the representation of loneliness and isolation in the novel, check out our article on themes in Frankenstein. In this quote, Steinbeck describes several dimensions of isolation suffered by his characters: Candys loneliness on the ranch becomes highly pronounced during his conflict with Carlson. The decision to exclude articles which do not primarily or equally focus on these experiences was made in order to gather meaningful data about loneliness experiences specifically and to capture experiences identified as loneliness by participants as much as possible, rather than related phenomena which may be grouped and labelled retrospectively as loneliness by researchers. He has never tried to hurt others, but people keep hurting him anyways, calling him nuts and crazy all the time will eventually make him go to the point of nuts and crazy. He also misses his friends and relatives in Ingolstadt, which causes him further discomfort. Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, Review question Epistemology Time/Timescale Resources Expertise Audience and purpose Type of data, Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type. This research question concerns aspects of loneliness which participants discuss when describing their lived experiences. Lets see how this concept differs from those we discussed previously. Nature as beauty. This quote is related to Victors inability to make friends and function as a regular member of society. Loneliness is a highly prevalent, harmful, and aversive experience which is fundamentally subjective: social isolation alone cannot account for loneliness, and people can experience loneliness even with ample social connections. As the findings are specific to experiences in this population, they may not reflect those of wider age groups or individuals who do not have depression. Thomas J, Harden A. He knows that being different will inevitably affect his life and his relationships with his family. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach [44, 45] will be used to assess how much confidence can be placed in the findings of this qualitative evidence synthesis. In case agreement cannot be reached after discussion between the two reviewers, a third reviewer will be invited to reconcile their disagreement and make a final decision. The search strategy has been peer reviewed using the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) checklist [26]. Browse essays about Theme Of Loneliness and find inspiration. As all our Nonnatus House favorites headed to the church to watch Trixie become Mrs. Alyward, Shelagh Turner, Dr. Patrick Turner and their son Timothy ( Max McMillan) raced to . I get awful lonely." George Loneliness Quote 1 "Guys like us who work on ranches are the loneliest guys in the world, they ain't got no family, they don't belong no place." George Loneliness Quote 2 The magnitude of the feeling can vary from light blues to depression. Essay Examples Curley is also not an appropriate companion, as he treats his wife rudely and carelessly. Article First of all, restate your thesis statement in a new way. The findings might be usefully integrated with more recent research which qualitatively explores loneliness in other age groups (e.g. Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings: introduction to the series. Holden also perceives other people as phony or corny, thus separating himself from his peers. Bound AF. This process will be repeated with any articles that are found to be eligible at this stage until no new eligible articles are found. Guys like us who work on ranches are the loneliest guys in the world, they aint got no family, they dont belong no place. His conviction that he would have to disappear was, if possible, even firmer than his sisters. I caused dreams which caused death. After this screening process, the remaining articles will be included in the review following data extraction, quality appraisal, and analysis. Lim MH, Rodebaugh TL, Zyphur MJ, Gleeson JF. Loneliness is often used as a theme in stories of people unable to build relationships with others. Article This quote expresses the depth of Curleys wifes loneliness. J Adolesc. The last book is about a father who lost his son and wishes to make an honorable funeral as the last thing he could give him. And evaluate how they are crafting their thematic . 2018;99:4152. All citations, abstracts, and full-text articles will be screened by one author with a second author ensuring consistency regarding inclusion. The main values glorified in The Iliad and The Odyssey are honor, courage, and eloquence. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. However, the review covered only studies of adults (16years and up), including heterogenous clinical populations (e.g. It engulfs dreams, pleasures, and certain futures. Ann Behav Med\. This inferential process will be carried out through collaboration between the research team (primarily PMP and JG). There is a prominent connection between alienation and a loss of identity. They also symbolize a much deeper divide between the protagonists and the people around them. These characters often differ from the dominant majority, so the community treats them negatively. There are a number of limitations to the planned research. Popay J, Roberts HM, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Arai L, Rodgers M, Britten N. Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: a product from the ESRC Methods Programme; 2006. Cut 20% off your first order! In line with the guidance from Haddaway and colleagues [25] on using Google Scholar for systematic review, a title-only search using the same search terms will be conducted and the first 1000 results will be screened for eligibility. London; 2018. The title of the novel was meant to indicate to its readers in 1949 that the story represented a real possibility for the near future: if totalitarianism were not opposed, the title suggested, some variation of the world described in the novel could become a reality in only thirty-five years. Thematic synthesis has been used to synthesise research on the experience of fatigue in neurological patients with multiple sclerosis [37], childrens experiences of living with juvenile idiopathic arthritis [38], and parents experiences of parenting a child with chronic illness [39]. Eventually, he vanishes from his familys troubled memories. to study experiences of loneliness) or if loneliness experiences are clearly explored and described (e.g. I believed myself totally unfitted for the company of strangers. Power of tradition. 2018;61(6):64058. He adores the small creature, but he accidentally kills it by stroking it too strongly. Phenomena that might appear to describe loneliness, such as social isolation, are distinct from the actual experience of it. He was driven by revenge, trying to drive him into the same despair. Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Thisted RA. Firstly, the main review author (PMP) will perform the database search and hand-searching and will screen all titles to remove studies which are clearly not relevant. As with any systematic review, some studies may also be missing information which would inform the synthesis. While viewers cried happy tears watching Trixie get married, there were also tears of sorrow as a sad death hit Poplar. 2012;22(10):142534. Unlike objective phenomena like blood pressure or age, loneliness can only be definitively measured by asking a person whether they feel lonely. 2010;25(2):45363. Although this study offered impressive scale, the vast majority of participants were between 19 and 45years old, and as a result, the model may underestimate factors experienced across the lifespan. Google Scholar. Guidance from Thomas and Harden [30] will be followed to synthesise the data. The proposed systematic review will be reported in accordance with the reporting guidance provided in the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement [22]. Psychol Aging. Here well analyze several well-known examples: Frankenstein, Of Mice and Men, and The Metamorphosis. We will include empirical studies published in English including any qualitative study design (e.g. The report, shared earlier this month, details "record-high levels" of violence, sadness, and suicide risk among American teenage girls and those in the LGBTQ+ community. At the final stage of analysis, higher-order analytical themes may be inferred from the descriptive themes which will offer a theoretical structure for experiences of loneliness. The reason for the exclusion at the full-text stage will be recorded. Furthermore, given the relatively small number of qualitative studies into the experience of loneliness compared with quantitative research in this area, this review will also consider the reasons that study authors may offer for the relative shortage of qualitative work. The storys titular character is isolated from the others both physically and emotionally. Information on author, publication year, geographic location of study, methodological approach, method, population, participant demographics, and main findings will be extracted to understand the basis of each study. The articles to be screened will be managed in EndNoteX9, with subsequent EndNote databases used to manage each stage of the screening process. Achilles killed his eldest son, Hector, who Custom-Writing.org blog is a go-to place for any student, and it doesnt matter if its their first or last year of studying. Tone. Many characters in this story suffer from being alienated from the community: Now, lets analyze a couple of quotes from Of Mice and Men to see how the author approached the theme of loneliness. Due to its suitability for qualitative evidence synthesis, the SPIDER tool [24] was used to assist in defining the research question and eligibility criteria in line with the following criteria: Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type (see Table 1 for details of these criteria). 2012;24(8):134663. Video calls as a measure for reducing social isolation. Ojembe BU, Ebe KM. "Love is a powerful force that should not be taken for granted.". Stories featuring themes of isolation and loneliness often describe a quest for happiness or explore the reasons behind these feelings. Moreover, by focusing on lifespan non-clinical research, we aim to offer a general synthesis which can in future be informed by insights from clinical groups, rather than subsuming and potentially obscuring the aspects of loneliness which might be unique to them. PLoS One. Qual Health Res. She wants and needs to be near her sister, and cannot live alone in a hotel. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. 2nd ed. By providing a thorough overview of how loneliness is experienced, we expect that the findings from the planned review will be informative and useful for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians who work with and for people experiencing loneliness, as well as for these individuals themselves, to better understand this important, prevalent, and often misunderstood phenomenon. Symbols of Death in Literature: Examples & Meanings. 1988;122(6):531. At the title and abstract screening stage, at least one relevant sentence or information that indicates likely relevance must be present for inclusion. Int J Qual Methods. Whilst all eligible studies will be included in the synthesis (as described in the Quality appraisal section), any lower-quality studies will be excluded during post-synthesis sensitivity analysis in order to assess whether their inclusion has affected the synthesis in any way as suggested by Carroll and Booth [43]. Of Mice and Men is a touching novella by John Steinbeck examining the intricacies of laborers relationships on a ranch. The theme statement . The Theme of Loneliness in the Novella "Of Mice and Men" by . Here are some excellent topic suggestions for your inspiration: Now you know everything about the themes of isolation, loneliness, and alienation in fiction and can correctly identify and interpret them. [15]). Most of us enjoy communication and try to build relationships with others. Read Thematic Statements of Other Writers. statement and Receive a plagiarism-free paper tailored to your instructions. The epic poems refer to the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greek history. 2016;51(3):33948. Its a snapshot of class and race relations that delves into the depths of human loneliness. This generated a model with four major elements (self-alienation, interpersonal isolation, distressed reactions, and agony) and twenty-three components such as emptiness, numbness, and missing a specific person or relationship. Victor Frankenstein, a talented scientist, creates a monster from the human body parts. Achterberg and colleagues [19] recently conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies on experiences of loneliness in young people with depression. Department for Digital C, Media and Sport. Isolation is a state of being detached from other people, either physically or emotionally. Qual Health Res. Friendship It is imperative for research and practice that we deepen the current understanding of these experiences to inform how we approach describing, researching, and attempting to ameliorate loneliness. A thematic statement is that core idea encapsulated in the simplest form. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. In this novel, Steinbeck depicts the essential loneliness of California ranch life in the 1930's. He illustrates how people are driven to find . Using qualitative evidence in decision making for health and social interventions: an approach to assess confidence in findings from qualitative evidence syntheses (GRADE-CERQual). "There is only one love in life and it must be cherished.". An empirical investigation and a meta-analysis [D.Clin. 2015;12(10):e1001895. This will allow for a more holistic understanding of the lived experience of loneliness which can inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers working in this important area. 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