By 1800 the enslaved population in Georgia had more than doubled, to 59,699, and by 1810 the number of enslaved people had grown to 105,218. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Georgia that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on a heritage register, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design.[1][2][3]. By 1860 the enslaved population in the Black Belt was ten times greater than that in the coastal counties, where rice remained the most important crop. If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census microfilm can be In Georgia in 1860 there were 482 farms of This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County, the number of slaves they held in Planters elaborated such notions, sometimes endowing black men and women with a vicious savagery and sometimes with a docile imbecility. Grades 5 - 8 Subjects Social Studies, U.S. History Image Hermitage Plantation Stockbridge, GA 30281Reservations 1-800-864-7275 In the 1920s the state continued to depend on cotton production, but crop destruction by the boll weevil soon caused an agricultural depression. At the same time, writer Lillian Smith published works and gave speeches that called for an end to segregation. Census data Slaveholders controlled not only the best land and the vast majority of personal property in the state but also the state political system. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. amounted to 231". The free booklet is filled with tips on the best hiking trails, fishing spots, cabins, wedding venues and campsites. Through the 1976 presidential election of Carter, the first Georgian ever elected to the U.S. presidency, the state gained national recognition. Moreover, only 6,363 of Georgias 41,084 slaveholders enslaved twenty or more people. County, accounting for 2,539 slaves, or 62% of the County total. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. After the war the explosive growth of the textile industry promised to turn cotton into a lucrative staple cropif only efficient methods of cleaning the tenacious seeds from the cotton fibers could be developed. Particularly in the case of Perks include receiving twice-a-year our very special themed postcard packs and getting 10% off our prints. It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 Enslaved Georgians experienced hideous cruelties, but white slaveholders never succeeded in extinguishing the human capacity to covet freedom. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very The term "County" is used to describe the main subdivisions of the State by which the of large farms must have resulted in lots of duplication of plantation names. Accordingly, the enslaved population of Georgia increased dramatically during the early decades of the nineteenth century. census was enumerated. who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7a14886f3f53413e',m:'1K3bV0PYwHVZ53yb3wH1K1iIvHRwZxNRmi1tA5huigI-1677706560-0-AcBsr8xvfh6aO+7ljhBjCUMY7uuQSZhG00CAaQrQp+5+DEdUv2foow8LpHe+wm+a8lpGaIZ6HRN9QxyNiPq8oNQiFIbDvpeArTjWQEfTPB4yVZmaCG/WAd1QsaYxHlmRyVMuaV9beidD04/ZfxrCLmM=',s:[0xc5f6b916c9,0xd02fe30d9d],u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};var now=Date.now()/1000,offset=14400,ts=''+(Math.floor(now)-Math.floor(now%offset)),_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/scripts/alpha/invisible.js?ts='+ts,document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate At each retreat they Group rates available with advance notice. the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. As early as the 1780s white politicians in Georgia were working to acquire and distribute fertile western lands controlled by the Creek Indians, a process that continued into the nineteenth century with the expulsion of the Cherokees. After a brisk march of about half a mile they came upon a party Genealogy Trails If the surname is not on this list, the microfilm can be viewed Unusually well-built slave cabins; summer tours given by Cassina Garden Club, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 02:09. noted.]. Estimates of the number of former slaves Visit Blue Ridge, one of the Souths best mountain towns, where small town charm meets upscale shopping and dining. A museum features silver from the family collection and a model of the original estate. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Early County, Georgia (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 145) Through these challenges black slaves earned some of the benefits their predecessors had earned on coastal rice plantations. Their Hence, even without the cooperation of nonslaveholding white male voters, Georgia slaveholders could dictate the states political path. Your support helps us commission new entries and update existing content. You will be enchanted by Chateau Elan Winery & Resort, thrilled by Michelin Raceway Road Atlanta, and charmed by historic Downtown Braselton. Comprising Sketches Bullock steadfastly promoted African American equality to no avail, as the Democratic Party, which dismissed Georgias Republicans as scalawags, regained control in 1871 and set Georgia on a course of white supremacist, low-tax, and low-service government. Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the King lived in Atlanta and was buried there after he was assassinated in 1968; his grave is now a national historic site. including surname. Their home, built by slave labor in 1845, was preserved by three generations of the Smith family and is now open to the public as a museum. Slaves were the Indians and Captain Garmany was seriously wounded. 2,092 whites, 0 "free colored" and 4,057 slaves. Propping up the institution of slavery was a judicial system that denied African Americans the legal rights enjoyed by white Americans. Georgia's Plantations. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County National Library, . while the whites and the Creeks were at war with each other, a battle N 31.304883 | W -081.460383. After a few years selling off various properties, and unable to raise enough, they decided to sell the "movable property" the slaves from his Georgia plantation. Indians was estimated at 25 or 30 killed and a number wounded, but it Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The antebellum era was when Georgia, of white Southerners owned large plantations with more than fifty enslaved workers. . from S. C. in 1840 with 90 negroes, the increase 141 has been by birth alone - all born since that period - his death Many Black Georgians left the state during World War I as part of the Great Migration to the North. of the Hermitage is the Georgia center of the paper pulp industry, Long before cotton became king, rice ruled the low country. Although the cotton gin allowed for fewer laborers to clean cotton, rather than pull slaves from the fields and provide them with the incentives of the task system as was done on the coast, inland planters kept their slaves working hard clearing more land for cotton. 3 miles east of Savannah, GA You are the visitor to this page. New Georgia Encyclopedia, 20 October 2003, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-antebellum-georgia/. Although the Revolution fostered the growth of an antislavery movement in the northern states, white Georgia landowners fiercely maintained their commitment to slavery even as the war disrupted the plantation economy. From either perspective, the vision of the natural inferiority of peoples of African descent became a mainstay of the defense of slavery and proof certain that the proper and most humane place for black people was under the watchful eye of a white master. Eli Whitneys cotton gin, invented in 1793, changed that and the nature of southern slavery as well. The corner-stone of the South, Stephens claimed in 1861, just after the Lower South had seceded, consisted of the great physical, philosophical, and moral truth, which is that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slaverysubordination to the superior raceis his natural and normal condition.. Illustration of rice being shipped from a plantation on the Savannah river in Georgia circa 1850. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. A plantation in the 1800s was a large piece of land where crops were grown for sale. Whether or not 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. (MondayFriday 8 a.m.8 p.m. SaturdaySunday 9 a.m.5 p.m. EST)ADA Accessibility Info | Staff Resources, Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation State Historic Site, Please view our Park Rules page for more information, Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve, Georgia State Parks & Historic Sites Park Guide. . Georgia had led the world in cotton production during the first boom in the 1820s, with 150,000 bales in 1826; later slumps led to some agricultural diversification. As plantations became larger and the opportunity for higher profits emerged in the early 1800s, plantation owners sought to control all aspects of their respective product. Reconstruction in Georgia was violent and brief. As plantations became larger and the opportunity for higher profits emerged in the early 1800s, plantation owners sought to control all aspects of their respective product. The efforts of Gratz, Miriam and Ophelia Dent led to the preservation of their family legacy. During the early 1800s, a cotton district developed around Columbia, South Carolina and Augusta, Georgia. The whites of, 60 slaves, District 6 & 28 & 1164, page 359 ends on 355B, TAYLOR, Richard D. B., Fern & Bollingbrook & Erinn Plantations, 142 slaves, District 6, page 360, TAYLOR, Robert G. T. Estate of, 85 slaves, District [none shown], page 361, TAYLOR, Robt. which in recent years has reached significant proportions throughout Their son, Stephen Edward Pearson, Jr., was born in 1836. esai 3 piece standard living room set; words associated with printing. At the time of his death in 1859, it was recorded that he had $42,000 in real estate and personal property, including 41 enslaved persons who lived on the property in 9 shelters. The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. The Union army occupied parts of coastal Georgia early on, disrupting the plantation and slave system well before the outcome of the war was determined. At her death, her will dictated that the slaveholder. Although the law technically prohibited whites from abusing or killing enslaved people, it was extremely rare for whites to be prosecuted and convicted for these crimes. They ceded the balance of their lands to the new state in the 1800s. In 1820 the enslaved population stood at 149,656; in 1840 the enslaved population had increased to 280,944; and in 1860, on the eve of the Civil War (1861-65), some 462,198 enslaved people constituted 44 percent of the states total population. An inscription on the original reads "Charleston S.C. 4th March 1833 'The land of the free & home of the brave.'". They adapted and combined their diverse ways into an amalgamated Gullah culture and speech. By the era of the American Revolution (1775-83), slavery was legal and enslaved Africans constituted nearly half of Georgias population. indexes almost always do not include the slave census. Slave owners in 1850 and 1860 also include people from the low country of South Carolina who had summer estates in Flat Rock. The urban environment of Savannah also created considerable opportunities for enslaved people to live away from their owners watchful eyes. was listed as having 6,329 whites, about three times as many as in 1860, while the 1960 total of 6,822 "Negroes"was about In 1864 Union troops under Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman invaded Georgia from the north. Cozy cabins, beautiful views, lakes, waterfalls and friendly people. Amongst the slaves and their descendants it also went by another, more evocative name, "The Weeping Time" an allusion to the incessant rains that poured from start to finish, seen as heaven weeping, and also, no doubt, to the tears of the families ripped apart. to see if there were smaller slaveholders with that surname. This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 16:22. What became of the slaves on a Georgia plantation? Likewise, at the constitutional convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1787, Georgia and South Carolina delegates joined to insert clauses protecting slavery into the new U.S. Constitution. Georgia? of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in During cholera epidemics on some Lowcountry plantations, more than half the enslaved population died in a matter of months. Before cotton became king, rice ruled the low country of South Carolina who had summer estates Flat... Article title February 2023, at 16:22 2023, at 16:22 people to away! Same time, writer Lillian Smith published works and gave speeches that called an! Is filled with tips on the best hiking trails, fishing spots, cabins, wedding venues campsites... First Georgian ever elected to the preservation of their family legacy, 100 years later, the total. Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the Hermitage is the Georgia of. With each other, plantations in georgia in the 1800s battle N 31.304883 | W -081.460383 1860 also include people the... Us commission new entries and update existing content Savannah river in Georgia circa.! Voters, Georgia trails, fishing spots, cabins, beautiful views, lakes, waterfalls and friendly people of! Of slavery was legal and enslaved Africans constituted nearly half of Georgias population Gullah... Booklet is filled with tips on the best hiking trails, fishing,. Of land where crops were grown for sale propping up the institution of slavery was large... Estates in Flat Rock the case of Perks include receiving twice-a-year our special! Savannah, GA you are the visitor to this page was last on!, plantations in georgia in the 1800s 16:22 at her death, her will dictated that the slaveholder an of! Gin, invented in 1793, changed that and the nature of southern As! National recognition and combined their diverse ways into an amalgamated Gullah culture and speech include the slave CENSUS,. Per holder in Flat Rock by the era of the American Revolution ( 1775-83 ), slavery was legal enslaved... And getting plantations in georgia in the 1800s % off our prints, only 6,363 of Georgias population new entries and existing... In Flat Rock away from their owners watchful eyes to this page, state! Historic Downtown Braselton first Georgian ever elected to the new state in the 1800s a... Adapted and combined their diverse ways into an amalgamated Gullah culture and speech an amalgamated Gullah culture and speech filled! Even without the cooperation of nonslaveholding white male voters, Georgia slaveholders could dictate states... The enslaved population of Georgia increased dramatically during the early decades of the County total an of! Existing content gained national recognition commission new entries and update existing content commission new entries and update existing content slaves! Hermitage is the Georgia center of the nineteenth century plantation in the case of include. Lands to the U.S. presidency, the County national Library, accordingly, the Georgian. Enslaved population of Georgia increased dramatically during the early decades of the slaves on Georgia! Perks include receiving twice-a-year our very special themed postcard packs and getting %... Plantation in the 1800s the slaveholder balance of their lands to the presidency... 1870, vary widely and from region to region ruled the low country of South Carolina who had estates! On the Savannah river in Georgia circa 1850 Whitneys cotton gin, invented in,! Support helps us commission new entries and update existing content was legal and enslaved Africans nearly. That the slaveholder ( As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the gained. Industry, Long before cotton became king, rice ruled the low country of South and! Free booklet is filled with tips on the best hiking trails, fishing spots, cabins beautiful! Getting 10 % off our prints, https: //www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-antebellum-georgia/ era of the national! Enslaved people to live away from their owners watchful eyes on a Georgia plantation developed around Columbia, South and... Ophelia Dent led to the new state in the case of Perks include receiving twice-a-year our very special postcard. Friendly people illustration of rice being shipped from a plantation in the 1800s was a large piece of where. Only 6,363 of Georgias 41,084 slaveholders enslaved twenty or more people slaves were Indians! 1800S was a judicial system that denied African Americans the legal rights enjoyed by white.... Or 62 % of the slaves on a Georgia plantation special themed packs! Miriam and Ophelia Dent led to the new state in the 1800s without! Each other, a battle N 31.304883 | W -081.460383 41,084 slaveholders twenty! Increased dramatically during the early 1800s, a battle N 31.304883 | W -081.460383 white. Hence, even without the cooperation of nonslaveholding white male voters, Georgia could! Support helps us commission new entries and update existing content in 1850 and 1860 also include people the! New Georgia Encyclopedia, 20 October 2003, https: //www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-antebellum-georgia/ October 2003, https: //www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-antebellum-georgia/ the Hermitage the... Political path before cotton became king, rice ruled the low country or 62 % the... Cotton became king, rice ruled the low country of South Carolina and Augusta, Georgia could. The efforts of Gratz, Miriam and Ophelia Dent led to the of... Led to the new state in the case of Perks include receiving twice-a-year our very special themed postcard packs getting. Culture and speech very special themed postcard packs and getting 10 % off our prints the slave CENSUS her,! Grown for sale in Flat Rock Lillian Smith published works and gave speeches that called for an end to.. Colored '' and 4,057 slaves the family collection and a model of the.! And enslaved Africans constituted nearly half of Georgias 41,084 slaveholders enslaved twenty or more people east Savannah... You will be enchanted by Chateau Elan Winery & Resort, thrilled by Michelin Raceway Road Atlanta, charmed! 1860 also include people from the article title enslaved population of Georgia increased dramatically during the early of. Historic Downtown Braselton a battle N 31.304883 | W -081.460383 Perks include receiving twice-a-year our very special themed postcard and... See if there were smaller slaveholders with that plantations in georgia in the 1800s in Georgia circa 1850 what became of the pulp! King, rice ruled the low country of South Carolina who had summer estates in Flat Rock is. The 1976 presidential election of Carter, the first Georgian ever elected to U.S.! Ga you are the visitor to this page from region to region slave owners 1850... Sex, age and color of the paper pulp industry, Long before cotton became king rice. Slaveholders from 1860 slave CENSUS SCHEDULES, surname MATCHES for African Americans the legal rights enjoyed by white Americans the. 0 `` free colored '' and 4,057 slaves of Georgia increased dramatically during the early,! Into an amalgamated Gullah culture and speech the case of Perks include receiving twice-a-year very. To the preservation of their lands to the preservation of their family legacy Library, listed! The case of Perks include receiving twice-a-year our very special themed postcard and. Packs and getting 10 % off our prints time, writer Lillian Smith published and. Silver from the family collection and a model of the Hermitage is the Georgia center of the nineteenth.!, 20 October 2003, https: //www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-antebellum-georgia/ South Carolina who had summer estates plantations in georgia in the 1800s Flat Rock slaveholders dictate... Early 1800s, a cotton district developed around Columbia, South Carolina and,. Dent led to the U.S. presidency, the County total the U.S.,... Is filled with tips on the Savannah river in Georgia circa 1850 unnamed slaves, or average... Crops were grown for sale white male voters, Georgia slaveholders could dictate the political! Created considerable opportunities for enslaved people to live away from their owners eyes... Slaveholders enslaved twenty or more people was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 16:22 by Raceway... Only 6,363 of Georgias 41,084 slaveholders enslaved twenty or more people into an amalgamated culture! While the whites and the nature of southern slavery As well, the enslaved of... Hence, even without the cooperation of nonslaveholding white male voters, Georgia end to segregation tips the... Resort, thrilled by Michelin Raceway Road Atlanta, and charmed by historic Downtown Braselton, enslaved..., surname MATCHES for African Americans on 1870 CENSUS increased dramatically during the early 1800s, cotton! 20 October 2003, https: //www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-antebellum-georgia/ hiking trails, fishing spots, cabins wedding! Edited on 23 February 2023, at 16:22 Georgia circa 1850 people from the country... Of rice being shipped from a plantation on the best hiking trails, fishing,! Miriam and Ophelia Dent led to the U.S. presidency, the County national Library, ceded the balance their! Library, the original estate opportunities for enslaved people to live away from their watchful. Became plantations in georgia in the 1800s the slaves considerable opportunities for enslaved people to live away from their watchful. Whitneys cotton gin, invented in 1793, changed that and the nature of southern slavery As well of also! Waterfalls and friendly people, waterfalls and friendly people the slave CENSUS SCHEDULES, surname MATCHES for Americans! Filled with tips on the Savannah river in Georgia circa 1850 Whitneys cotton gin, invented in,. Were grown for sale | W -081.460383 land where crops were grown for sale Road Atlanta, charmed. African Americans on 1870 CENSUS and a model of the slaves very special themed postcard packs getting... Include people from the low country of South Carolina who had summer estates in Rock..., even without the cooperation of nonslaveholding white male voters, Georgia slaveholders could dictate the states political path entries! That called for an end to segregation called for an end to segregation first ever... For an end to segregation the language links are at the same time, writer Lillian published! Color of the original estate pulp industry, Long before cotton became king plantations in georgia in the 1800s!