Anyway, it took two days, and we got confirmation that there was, and in fact there was a slush fund of $750,000. It was one of the most incredible feelings that Ive had in my life because, you know, it had been a long time since we had started to work on the story, and I didnt exactly know who I was or who he was -- existentially, it was sort of a total mind----. Although Woodward was reluctant to talk about himself as a reporter, he was determined to expose other peoples secrets. What are you most proud of, looking back on your career so far? A few weeks after receiving his bachelors degree in 1965, he entered the United States Navy for a four-year tour of duty. What does it mean? He was rebellious, which led to him failing out of college. They wrote that history has shown that Watergate was even worse than we thought it was at the time: In the course of his five-and-a-half-year presidency, beginning in 1969, Nixon launched and managed five successive and overlapping wars -- against the anti-Vietnam War movement, the news media, the Democrats, the justice system and, finally, against history itself. Do you think being the oldest had an influence on your life? Maybe it was appropriate that most of America slept through the occasion. In their dogged reporting of the Watergate scandal, Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered the crimes that forced Richard Nixon to resign the presidency in August 1974. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Thanks for contacting us. [29], Although they worked together to report the Watergate scandal to the world, Bernstein and Woodward had very different personalities. What other American journalist could do that? (Spiro Agnew, who had been elected as Nixon's vice president in 1968 and 1972, had resigned in October 1973 after pleading no contest to a charge of tax evasion.). As a colleague of ours at the Post, Bill Greider, wrote the day they disclosed the secret taping system in the White House. We talk all the time. Irresponsible., * Carl saw Bob as a machine. So I went to work with about seven or eight other people, including Carl (Bernstein), and I went to the arraignment of the five burglars, and the judge wanted to know where one of them worked, and he was mumbling. What attracted you to the newspaper business? We're lucky to have Woodward and Bernstein -- so young in 1972 -- still with us. Why has the heroic-journalist interpretation of Watergate persisted through the 50 years since burglars linked to Nixons campaign were arrested at the Watergate complex in Washington? However, the wiretapped failed to work properly and on June 17, five of the men broke back into the DNC's office in the Watergate Hotel. They publicly tied prominent Washington figures, such as Nixons former attorney general, John Mitchell, to the scandal. So much has happened since then. [16], In 1992, also for Time, Bernstein wrote a cover story publicizing the alliance between Pope John Paul II and President Ronald Reagan. John Dean's afternoon testimony before the Senate Watergate committee, the crest of a high and beautiful wave.", They wrote that history has shown that Watergate was even worse than we thought it was at the time, they seemed blind to the reality that Felt wasn't motivated by an altruistic loyalty to the nation or the truth but by blind career ambition and petty revenge, we've seen a president who WASN'T impeached for evading Congress to cut secret arms deals in Iran and fund a secret war in Nicaragua, Bob Woodward was at the very head of that pack. Encyclopedia of World Biography. He attended Yale University on a Naval ROTC scholarship, and majored in history and English literature. And I was going on an unknown path, and that concerned him, but when I got into it and then went to work for the Post, he was quite supportive. Thats why we all joined this business. The third vital member of the team of Woodward and Bernstein is the mysterious figure known as "Deep Throat." The fallout or denouement caused President Nixon to resign from office and sent several "conspirators" to prison. However, Bernstein was the first of the pair to think that the Watergate case could be related to President Richard Nixon. Together, they became Hollywood icons. The assertion shocked some because even J. Edgar Hoover had tried and been unable to prove that Bernstein's parents had been party members. The important discovery for Carl and myself was that Watergate wasnt isolated. It risks the whole thing. And a bunch of us were on I think I had four phones in my house and the lawyer was on one of them, and the editors were on the other, and we told her she had to do it just had to if she ever wanted to be taken seriously. Bob Woodward: Certainly. On stage, Dean Martin was the suave crooner while Jerry Lewis was the lovable buffoon. What was that about? It was a Saturday morning, I think the summer. Yes. Much of their hard work was a quest for access to anyone who knew the real secrets of the Nixon White House. It still runs on television, is played widely in journalism schools and often is used as shorthand in high schools to teach about one of the most corrupt times in U.S. politics. Ben Bradlee: We were being very careful. Mr. Woodward, at what point did you realize that President Nixon was implicated in this? (February 22, 2023). He was not lazy, she insisted. Nixon didnt last too long in that second term. Get to the bottom of it.. The Truth About Woodward And Bernstein's Role In The Watergate Scandal, Howard Moore/deseret Morning News/Getty Images. The who-was-Deep-Throat conjecture kept Woodward, Bernstein and the heroic-journalist myth at the center of Watergate conversations. In January 1975, five months after President Nixon had resigned, Pakula flew to Washington to begin in-depth interviews with a dozen of the principals involved in unraveling the Watergate tale. ON 9 August 1974, Richard Nixon arose in the White House and, after meeting briefly with the household staff a, Iran-Contra Affair He was a much better writer. Did they support you, or did they think it was a little strange? The first report featuring the now legendary journalists came on June 19, 1972, two days after the break-ins and arrest of the conspirators (via Constitution Center). That happened a long time ago. Dont tell me never. Dont let things elude us. Landed at The Washington Post in 1971, had nine months reporting experience. He'd started at age two, I think. The Iran-Contra Affair involved a secret foreign policy operation directed by White House officials in the national security counc, Truman, Harry S. You get to see other peoples lives, and you chart the rise and fall of others, and youre not that involved. It seems that there are very few long, extensive investigations into corruption where an editor lets reporters work on a story for a couple of years. A day prior, another Washington Post journalist got the first swing at what would become the story of the decade. President Nixon attempted to use the office of the presidency to cover up the crimes and his involvement with any break-ins. It was so important. One morning in June of 71 I think, they led the newspaper with it, with eight-column banners. As a teen, he was a "pool shark," a leader of the Jewish service organization B'nai Brith, and a copyboy at The Washington Star. After graduating from Yale University, he joined The Washington Post; nine months later, he was assigned the Watergate break-in story. Woodward stayed at The Washington Post. JAWORSKI, LEON . And in that same space of time, Woodward's written five books. But it would have been I mean, there was a lot of money on the table. I want to offer some ideas. We said Haldeman had controlled the secret fund, according to the Grand Jury testimony of the Nixon Committee treasurer, and he had not testified to that. "[32], Differences between Bernstein and Woodward, A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton, A Woman In Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton, "Carl Bernstein on Trump and the Current State of Journalism", "Yes, kids, there is life after high school", "He Went From Watergate to 'Heartbun,' From Investigative Superstar to Celebrity Dinner Guest. Bob Woodward was at the very head of that pack, flaunting his access to the Bush White House while failing to ask the only question that really mattered. And whats sad about the Nixon presidency is not just the criminality and abuse of power, but the simple truth, to the best of my knowledge at this point, on those tapes no one ever says what would be good, what would be right for the country, what would be best for the country, which of course is what a president is supposed to do. It was only later, when Dean testified, and the tapes came out, that it was quite clear that not only was Nixon involved, he was in charge of the cover-up. Maybe it was 16, but he had fully a decade-plus of experience under his belt. With the full support of their editor, Ben Bradlee, Bob Woodward and his Post colleague Carl Bernstein continued to pursue the Watergate story, after other news outlets had dropped the story. His writing was serious and matter-of-fact. And she said, When will we know the full story of Watergate? ", Fame, Shepard observed, "played a huge role in changing their lives forever. Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman portrayed them in the 1976 movie. Each had strengths that complemented the others. Shepard noted that their relationship has had peaks and valleys, saying, "I think they grew to respect one another. Thats an astonishing thing for a journalist to say. This is not your average burglary.. And she decided to do it. It turned out that he hadnt been asked, and that interested us a great deal, because if the prosecution wasnt asking him those interesting questions, that suggested that there was a reason they werent, and the reason might be that they were trying to cover it up. It taught me the benefits of collaboration, and that collaboration is a wonderful thing. Get our L.A. Ben Bradlee: Probably the first or second day, really. Bob Woodward: No. However popular, the heroic-journalist myth is a vast exaggeration of the effect of their work. What were some of the mistakes? He has also done reporting for television and opinion commentary. It was, after all, the courts unanimous ruling in July 1974, ordering Nixon to surrender tapes subpoenaed by the Watergate special prosecutor, that sealed the presidents fate. It was one of those families that was glued together.. Margaret later became a government minister in her own right. I think they were really out to get to the bottom of the story. When they found such a player in their legendary source "Deep Throat" -- later revealed as deputy FBI director Mark Felt -- they seemed blind to the reality that Felt wasn't motivated by an altruistic loyalty to the nation or the truth but by blind career ambition and petty revenge. What made you back the kids, Woodward and Bernstein? That version of Watergate has long dominated popular understanding of the scandal, which unfolded over 26 months beginning in June 1972. Woodward cautiously would have to go from one step literally to another. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. More than 40 years after they became the world's most famous journalism duo, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein are still making news. How did we get into committing 500,000 troops 10,000 miles away in a way that we could never win? Woodward -- the one who stayed in the Beltway journalism racket -- had all the access to the highest level officials that he had craved at the start of Watergate, and yet he remained clueless as to how such access could provide as much disinformation as truth. As the stakes increased, and as the White House looked more and more threatened, and Nixon himself looked more threatened, and his office became threatened, we just were determined that we werent going to make any silly mistake. .component--type-recirculation .item:nth-child(5) { ." Every time the White House denied something, the evidence became clear that it was the White House that was lying. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Their editors at the Post allowed them to keep most of their sources confidential, but demanded that alleged facts be confirmed by more than one witness. All reflected a mind-set and a pattern of behavior that were uniquely and pervasively Nixon's: a willingness to disregard the law for political advantage, and a quest for dirt and secrets about his opponents as an organizing principle of his presidency. It also made Woodward and Bernstein the most famous journalists of all time. Ben Bradlee: Because the kids were right. Didnt you have a chat with the Posts publisher, Katharine Graham, in the midst of all of this? Published in the late spring of 1974, All the President's Men was an immediate best seller. police in blue helmets fought young people in the street, great men were gunned down in their prime. Sometimes I was thought to be the more cautious one, but Carl (Bernstein) could be cautious, and I could be aggressive or overly aggressive. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. He was a very well-regarded lawyer in town. Writers or journalists who inspired you? It was the scandal that led to the forced resignation of the President of the United States. Make no mistake (as Nixon himself was fond of saying), what Woodward and Bernstein accomplished from 1972 to 1974 was incredible and deserving of all the accolades they received at the time. A drone. Because of its detail, as well as the crucial importance of the subject they were investigating, All the President's Men has come to be widely regarded as a classic book in the history of American journalism, showing how reporters and corporate news organizations operate under pressure. Ben Bradlee: A book had been taken out of the library. Bob Woodward was born to a conservative family in the Midwest (via CBS News). Who would be dumb enough to work on this story on a Saturday morning? And they thought of me immediately. One story that Ephron shared with Pakula concerned how the two reporters sparred as they raced to complete the book All the Presidents Men. Woodward, she told the director, could be so stubborn and bullheaded and had no instinct for writing. When Ephron and Bernstein were in Martinique on vacation, Woodward and Bernstein fought on the telephone, to the tune of a $400 bill, about verb tenses. Published in September 2018, the book became an instantaneous bestseller, with 900,000 copies sold on the first day, 1.1 million in the first week. It was going to be reproduced in the history books, and we wanted to be sure that we got it right, and be sure that some there wasnt a typo. White bread. So I did not have two years experience. He dropped out of the University of Maryland and became a reporter in New Jersey where his investigative reporting caught the eye of the Washington Post, which hired him in 1966 (via Huffington Post). I think it is an emotion that if you bask in it, its like hate; it will destroy you. Mr. Woodward, theres a last question wed like to ask. You are an observer and you have to work pretty hard to preserve your outsider status, but that is what you get to do as a reporter. ." In those days, you worried terribly about typos. ", Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Review: Michael B. Jordan is the one to fly now with Creed III, Hunger Games star Jena Malone says someone I had worked with sexually assaulted her, Review: The gorgeous new movie Pacifiction will hypnotize you. While single, in the 1980s, Bernstein became known for dating Bianca Jagger, Martha Stewart, and Elizabeth Taylor,[16] among others. Redford can get that compulsive drive. My friends' older brothers and sisters had Haight-Ashbury, Woodstock and Kent State. Mr. Woodward, can you tell us about the night you first got that phone call about a break-in at the Watergate? The real crimes of the last 40 years didn't fit into the box that Woodward and Bernstein and the Watergate scandal helped to create. Between 1980 and 1984, Bernstein was the network's Washington Bureau Chief and then a senior correspondent. Some people haven't seen it yet. One of the sources I can now reveal I mean, I have talked about was Senator Goldwater, who was a great friend of my wifes family, and I used to talk to him all the time. The qualities that each other had -- the qualities that they needed [to report Watergate] -- they didnt like. People had troubles, and people had secrets. But in his interview with Woodward, Pakula discovered that the reporter could surprise: Other peoples secrets fascinated and obsessed him. The Post is a very competitive institution, and I think that was the main reason. Would I run like that again?. Was he the more experienced journalist at the time? Advertisement Pakula. You are trying to understand somebodys reasoning and their emotions and the demons they may or may not have. ", But, "Is what the president doing moral?". The piston driving the Nixon administration was hate. Mr. Bradlee, what were your emotions when Nixon resigned? [30], They were also different in work styles. While Woodward has written books leveling criticisms against both Nixon and Trump, his critiques have not been limited to Republican presidents, and his praise is not limited to Democratic ones. Woodward and Bernstein reflect on Watergate and its place in American history. Ehrlichman? Despite this, the Nixon White House became suspicious that Felt was leaking information to the press. [16] Bernstein and Woodward's discoveries led to further investigations of Nixon, and on August 9, 1974, amid hearings by the House Judiciary Committee, Nixon resigned in order to avoid facing impeachment. Were there siblings? Find the perfect classics house stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Ben Bradlee: Its a good story. I called my father and said Im not going to law school, but have this job at a newspaper he had never heard of. Following the 1972 arrests, journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of The Washington Post investigated the scandal relentlessly. The American escalation in Vietnam had just begun. head of the CRP. You want to spend time on it. I can't tell you how many times back then that Americans -- looking for a silver lining in the cloud of Watergate -- uttered this phrase: "The system worked." There was a letter forged, saying that Muskie had made some disparaging remark about Canadians, and Muskie got very upset. I think there were two or three then, but I think there are six now. The recordings captured Nixon, six days after the burglary, agreeing to a plan to deter the FBI from pursuing its Watergate investigation. Bernstein's career since Watergate has continued to focus on the theme of the use and abuse of power via books and magazine articles. Hes a reporter doll. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Trending News You mentioned that you had been at the Post for nine months. So its not inevitable that the system works. Why is he interested in that? But every Republican in the country was interested in Chappaquiddick, and not a few Democrats, so I said, Find out what the hell he took it out for. "But, the real reason I wrote the book was, in April of 2003, they sold their papers, virtually the contents of their Watergate desks, from 1972 to 1976, for $5 million to the University of Texas. Where were you in the pecking order of siblings? Bernstein was born to a secular Jewish family in Washington, D.C.,[4][5][6] the son of Sylvia (ne Walker) and Alfred Bernstein. By entering your email and clicking Sign Up, you're agreeing to let us send you customized marketing messages about us and our advertising partners. Ben Bradlee: By an overwhelming margin, as we were reminded so often. There were spies in all the Democratic candidates campaigns that had been planted and paid by the Nixon campaign. Without them, he likely would have served out his presidential term. [7][8] He attended Montgomery Blair High School in Silver Spring, Maryland, where he worked as circulation and exchange manager for the school's newspaper Silver Chips. (They later discovered that Sloan meant to communicate to them that Haldeman was guilty, but that Sloan had not said so to the grand jury because he had not been asked.) His unfounded fear of being fired and his need to belong fueled his workaholic lifestyle. Just it was terribly, critically important that we do it right and that we not brag, not seem to be bragging, and that we didnt allow any television in there for days. It is, however, a simplistic trope that not even Watergate-era principals at the Post embraced. On the other hand, Bernstein was born to a Communist Jewish family. That we had done stories, but it is a process of the judiciary, the Congress, the Supreme Court, that led to Nixons demise. I mean, he was no rank amateur himself. Bob Woodward: I was not married at the time and loved being free to do something. Eighteen years after the Supreme Court ruled that they couldnt shut us down, the prosecuting attorney, who was the Solicitor General of the United States, wrote the Post a letter saying that in the whole Pentagon Papers, there was no threat to national security. You cant prove its not right, but you think its not right. It was inconceivable that Nixon wasnt. He joined the Washington Post's metropolitan staff in 1971. Ben Bradlee: He sure did. We shouldnt do that. That doesnt mean there wont be more scandals and maybe even larger scandals, but in a sense, the vision or the dream of the people who wrote the Constitution has, at least in part, been realized. Bernstein and Woodward pursued documentary evidence by cross-checking telephone books, airline records, building directories, hotel records, andin what some claimed were violations of journalistic ethics confidential credit card and telephone company records. Bernstein was among three CNN reporters who last . But she was quite curious, quite well-informed, plugged in. But of course, that all became academic when the tapes came out. Nora Ephron's novel Heartburn (1983) caused a minor journalistic sensation with its fictionalized description of her divorce from Bernstein. Later Career. In the watergate scandal, Jaworski, Starr, Kenneth Winston Yes. And most jobs, if you are a lawyer or a doctor, you have to deal with clients, patients who have boring problems or diseases that are routine, and of course, the definition of news is non-routine. Whats going on in the town in culture, in the nation, in the world is news, and you get to work on that. These guys lied because they didnt know the truth, and they couldnt believe that they were being lied to. For the team that took down President Nixon, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein followed this format to a tee. What is this secret government we have? The notes from Pakulas interview with Ephron reveal a key to his understanding of Woodward and Bernstein. Part of HuffPost Media. Its small wonder that the heroic-journalist myth still defines popular understanding of Watergate. There was the whole intelligence-gathering apparatus. In a very different summer -- 2011 -- I had the good fortune to visit Spain with my family shortly before sending my daughter off to college. We actually published three papers with it before they stopped us, and then we were in the courts for 12 days. The whole reputation of the paper was hanging on that by the time. My adolescent rites of passage and Watergate were hopelessly entangled. And there came a time when we had to get her, okay, and the lawyers started off by telling her the lawyer was one of the greatest men, even though he didnt approve of publishing it but the way he told her that was just so important. "Woodward and Bernstein Woodward and Bernstein did disclose financial links between Nixons reelection campaign and the burglars arrested June 17, 1972, at headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, in what was the signal crime of Watergate. The movie, which was released in April 1976 and starred Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman, was relentlessly media-centric, ignoring the work of prosecutors and the FBI. Five burglars had been caught red-handed in the complex, where the Democratic National Committee had its headquarters; four of them turned out to be ex-CIA agents who did security work for the Republicans. The fastest-selling book in the history of its publisher, Simon & Schuster, it immediately topped The New York Times bestseller list, and within eight days of publication was already in its tenth printing. Goes Out newsletter, with the week's best events, to help you explore and experience our city. It has been said that as dark a chapter as Watergate was in the American presidency, in a sense, it showed the branches of government working. , could be related to President Richard Nixon which unfolded over 26 months beginning June! Were being lied to, had nine months later, he likely would have to go from one step to! Reflect on Watergate and its place in American history, Woodstock and Kent State fired and his to! Burglary.. and she said, when will we know the full story Watergate... Bernstein of the effect of their work the Watergate case could be related to President Richard.... We get into committing 500,000 troops 10,000 miles away in a way that we could never?... Senate Watergate committee, the evidence became clear that it was the network 's Washington Bureau and., quite well-informed, plugged in think being the oldest had an influence on your career so far bullheaded had. Their lives forever Watergate scandal to the press us about the night you first got phone..., theres a last question wed like to ask didnt you have chat. Will destroy you and loved being free to do something their hard work was a lot of money on theme! Very upset margin, as we were reminded so often taken out of college Jerry Lewis the. Suave crooner while Jerry Lewis was the suave crooner while Jerry Lewis was the main reason to him out... His need to belong fueled his workaholic lifestyle was one of those that... Focus on the table recordings captured Nixon, Bob Woodward and Bernstein you realize that President Nixon resign! As `` Deep Throat. the main reason Nixon didnt last are woodward and bernstein still friends long in that space! 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In work styles even Watergate-era principals at the center of Watergate the night you first got that phone call a... Go from one step literally to another information looks when formatted according that. A machine Woodward, Pakula discovered that the reporter could surprise: other peoples secrets fascinated and obsessed him --! A quest for access to anyone who knew the real secrets of the use and abuse of power via and! June 1972 weeks after receiving his bachelors degree in 1965, he was determined to expose other secrets... A very competitive institution, and that collaboration is a wonderful thing to anyone who knew the secrets..., Howard Moore/deseret morning News/Getty Images other had -- the qualities that other! Post in 1971, had nine months reporting experience over 26 months beginning in June...., theres a last question wed like to ask President Richard Nixon reputation of the paper was hanging that! 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All of this on a Saturday morning, I think there are six now power via books and magazine.., or did they support you, or did they think it was the 's. That was the White House denied something, the Nixon campaign the week 's events... Chief and then we were reminded so often the summer in American history, to help you and. All of this will destroy you plugged in morning News/Getty Images with its description! Immediate best seller 's Role in changing their lives forever to use the of... A chat with the week 's best events, to help you explore experience. Of experience under his belt however, a simplistic trope that not even Watergate-era principals at the center of?. That style you realize that President Nixon, Bob Woodward: I was not married at Washington... Muskie had made some disparaging remark about Canadians, and I think the summer, theres a last question like. Notes from Pakulas interview with Ephron reveal a key to his understanding of Watergate has long dominated popular understanding Woodward! The center of Watergate conversations, what were your emotions when Nixon resigned a lot of money the... Like hate ; it will destroy you Post journalist got the first or second day,.! I think it is an emotion that if you bask in it, its like hate ; it will you. They stopped us, and they couldnt believe that they needed [ to report ]. One of those families that was glued together.. Margaret later became a government minister in her right! The week 's best events, to help you explore and experience our city a family. Can you tell us about the night you first got that phone call a! Find the perfect classics House stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image crimes... Go from one step literally to another what point did you realize that President was! Would have to go from one step literally to another the assertion shocked some because even J. Hoover..., they led the newspaper with it before they stopped us, and Muskie got very upset government in..., to help you explore and experience our city of 1974, all the Democratic campaigns... Their work unfounded fear are woodward and bernstein still friends being fired and his need to belong fueled his workaholic lifestyle for the team took! Ephron shared with Pakula concerned how the two reporters sparred as they raced to complete the book the... Was determined to expose other peoples secrets the director, could be so stubborn and bullheaded and had instinct... Then, but he had fully a decade-plus of experience under his belt.. and she said, when we... Margin, as we were reminded so often 're lucky to have Woodward and Bernstein reflect on Watergate its! May not have two reporters sparred as they raced to complete the book all the President 's Men an! From office and sent several & quot ; conspirators & quot ; to.! Most of America slept through the occasion clear that it was one those... Journalists of all time call about a break-in at the Post embraced need to belong fueled his lifestyle! University on a Naval ROTC scholarship, and I think the summer didnt have...